\n

\n \n 2024\n \n \n (3)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Original plant diversity and ecosystems of a small, remote oceanic island (Corvo, Azores): Implications for biodiversity conservation.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Connor, S. E.; Lewis, T.; van Leeuwen, J. F. N.; van der Knaap, W. O. (.; Schaefer, H.; Porch, N.; Gomes, A. I.; Piva, S. B.; Gadd, P.; Kuneš, P.; Haberle, S. G.; Adeleye, M. A.; Mariani, M.; and Elias, R. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Biological Conservation, 291: 110512. March 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{connor_original_2024,\n\ttitle = {Original plant diversity and ecosystems of a small, remote oceanic island ({Corvo}, {Azores}): {Implications} for biodiversity conservation},\n\tvolume = {291},\n\tissn = {0006-3207},\n\tshorttitle = {Original plant diversity and ecosystems of a small, remote oceanic island ({Corvo}, {Azores})},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110512},\n\tabstract = {Remote islands harbour many endemic species and unique ecosystems. They are also some of the world's most human-impacted systems. It is essential to understand how island species and ecosystems behaved prior to major anthropogenic disruption as a basis for their conservation. This research aims to reconstruct the original, pre-colonial biodiversity of a remote oceanic island to understand the scale of past extinctions, vegetation changes and biodiversity knowledge gaps. We studied fossil remains from the North Atlantic island of Corvo (Azores), including pollen, charcoal, plant macrofossils, diatoms and geochemistry of wetland sediments from the central crater of the island, Caldeirão. A comprehensive list of current vascular plant species was compiled, along with a translation table comparing fossilized pollen to plant species and a framework for identifying extinctions and misclassifications. Pollen and macrofossils provide evidence for eight local extinctions from the island's flora and show that four species listed as ‘introduced’ are native. Up to 23 \\% of the pollen taxa represent extinct/misclassified species. Corvo's past environment was dynamic, shifting from glacial-era open vegetation to various Holocene forest communities, then almost completely deforested by fires, erosion and grazing following Portuguese colonisation. Historical human impacts explain high ecological turnover, several unrecorded extinctions and the present-day abundance of vegetation types like Sphagnum blanket mire. We use Corvo as a case study on how fossil inventories can address the Wallacean and Hookerian biodiversity knowledge gaps on remote islands. Accurate baselines allow stakeholders to make informed conservation decisions using limited financial and human resources, particularly on islands where profound anthropogenic disruption occurred before comprehensive ecological research.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2024-02-23},\n\tjournal = {Biological Conservation},\n\tauthor = {Connor, Simon E. and Lewis, Tara and van Leeuwen, Jacqueline F. N. and van der Knaap, W. O. (Pim) and Schaefer, Hanno and Porch, Nicholas and Gomes, Ana I. and Piva, Stephen B. and Gadd, Patricia and Kuneš, Petr and Haberle, Simon G. and Adeleye, Matthew A. and Mariani, Michela and Elias, Rui Bento},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tkeywords = {Biodiversity shortfalls, Checklists, Holocene, Island biogeography, Macaronesia, North Atlantic, Palaeoecology, Vegetation dynamics, islands},\n\tpages = {110512},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Multi-proxy temperature and environmental reconstruction during the Late Glacial and Early Holocene in the Bohemian Forest, Central Europe.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mateo-Beneito, A.; Florescu, G.; Tátosová, J.; Carter, V. A.; Chiverrell, R.; Heiri, O.; Vasiliev, I.; Kuosmanen, N.; and Kuneš, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Quaternary Science Reviews, 331: 108647. May 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

\n

@article{mateo-beneito_multi-proxy_2024,\n\ttitle = {Multi-proxy temperature and environmental reconstruction during the {Late} {Glacial} and {Early} {Holocene} in the {Bohemian} {Forest}, {Central} {Europe}},\n\tvolume = {331},\n\tissn = {0277-3791},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.108647},\n\tabstract = {Multi-proxy temperature reconstructions can provide robust insights into past environmental conditions. By combining different proxies we can disentangle the temperature signal from the indirect climate effects on the environment. This study uses a multi-proxy approach to reconstruct temperature and palaeoenvironmental conditions during the Late Glacial and Early Holocene (13.5–8 cal. ka BP) in the Bohemian Forest, Central Europe. We assessed the similarity of the temperature signal based on chironomids, isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids (isoGDGTs), and pollen within a comparison with locally modeled temperature data generated by the CHELSA\\_Trace21k dataset. Pollen, macroscopic charcoal remains, and geochemistry were further used to reconstruct past environmental conditions such as vegetation dynamics, fire activity, the input of lithogenic material (Titanium), nutrient content (Total Nitrogen) and the sources of organic matter (C/N and δ13Corg). All temperature reconstructions based on independent proxies were positively correlated and followed the same long-term trend. However, results also showed that chironomids-inferred July temperature had lower amplitude variations compared to the other temperature curves. IsoGDGTs showed the most pronounced decrease in temperature values at the onset of the Younger Dryas (YD), corroborating that this cooling event was more marked during winter than summer. However, a decrease of less than 1 °C during summer and two short-term warm events at 12.6 and 12.2 cal ka BP provoked a modest and asynchronous response of the vegetation to the onset of the YD. Nevertheless, isoGDGTs appeared to react to changes in both temperature and organic carbon sources, particularly between 11.2 and 10.6 cal yr BP. These environmental changes, characterized by high values of the GDGT-0/crenarchaeol ratio, recorded an increase in methanogenic activity in the lake sediments, which likely altered the recorded climatic signal. The corresponding anoxic episodes in the lake sediments might be caused by an increasing input of organic carbon from the catchment, related to the development of the vegetation and catchment soils at the beginning of the Holocene. Finally, pollen-based temperature reconstruction showed a lag in the response to major climatic events, such as the onset of YD and Holocene. Our study increases the understanding of the climate-vegetation-environmental feedback during the Late Glacial and Early Holocene in the Bohemian Forest, Central Europe.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2024-04-13},\n\tjournal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},\n\tauthor = {Mateo-Beneito, Amanda and Florescu, Gabriela and Tátosová, Jolana and Carter, Vachel A. and Chiverrell, Richard and Heiri, Oliver and Vasiliev, Iuliana and Kuosmanen, Niina and Kuneš, Petr},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tkeywords = {Bohemian Forest, Central Europe, Chironomids, Early Holocene, Late Glacial, Multi-proxy, Pollen, Temperature reconstructions, Younger Dryas, disturbance, isoGDGTs},\n\tpages = {108647},\n}\n\n

\n

\n\n\n

\n Multi-proxy temperature reconstructions can provide robust insights into past environmental conditions. By combining different proxies we can disentangle the temperature signal from the indirect climate effects on the environment. This study uses a multi-proxy approach to reconstruct temperature and palaeoenvironmental conditions during the Late Glacial and Early Holocene (13.5–8 cal. ka BP) in the Bohemian Forest, Central Europe. We assessed the similarity of the temperature signal based on chironomids, isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids (isoGDGTs), and pollen within a comparison with locally modeled temperature data generated by the CHELSA_Trace21k dataset. Pollen, macroscopic charcoal remains, and geochemistry were further used to reconstruct past environmental conditions such as vegetation dynamics, fire activity, the input of lithogenic material (Titanium), nutrient content (Total Nitrogen) and the sources of organic matter (C/N and δ13Corg). All temperature reconstructions based on independent proxies were positively correlated and followed the same long-term trend. However, results also showed that chironomids-inferred July temperature had lower amplitude variations compared to the other temperature curves. IsoGDGTs showed the most pronounced decrease in temperature values at the onset of the Younger Dryas (YD), corroborating that this cooling event was more marked during winter than summer. However, a decrease of less than 1 °C during summer and two short-term warm events at 12.6 and 12.2 cal ka BP provoked a modest and asynchronous response of the vegetation to the onset of the YD. Nevertheless, isoGDGTs appeared to react to changes in both temperature and organic carbon sources, particularly between 11.2 and 10.6 cal yr BP. These environmental changes, characterized by high values of the GDGT-0/crenarchaeol ratio, recorded an increase in methanogenic activity in the lake sediments, which likely altered the recorded climatic signal. The corresponding anoxic episodes in the lake sediments might be caused by an increasing input of organic carbon from the catchment, related to the development of the vegetation and catchment soils at the beginning of the Holocene. Finally, pollen-based temperature reconstruction showed a lag in the response to major climatic events, such as the onset of YD and Holocene. Our study increases the understanding of the climate-vegetation-environmental feedback during the Late Glacial and Early Holocene in the Bohemian Forest, Central Europe.\n

\n\n\n

\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The absence of disturbances promoted Late Holocene expansion of silver fir (Abies alba) in the Bohemian Forest.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Schafstall, N.; Svitavská-Svobodová, H.; Kadlec, M.; Gałka, M.; Kuneš, P.; Bobek, P.; Goliáš, V.; Pech, P.; Nývlt, D.; Hubený, P.; Kuosmanen, N.; Carter, V. A.; and Florescu, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 635: 111950. February 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{schafstall_absence_2024,\n\ttitle = {The absence of disturbances promoted {Late} {Holocene} expansion of silver fir ({Abies} alba) in the {Bohemian} {Forest}},\n\tvolume = {635},\n\tissn = {0031-0182},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111950},\n\tabstract = {Temperate forests in the Northern Hemisphere are strongly affected by increasing annual temperatures and natural disturbances such as droughts, fires, and pest outbreaks. In many regions, alternatives are explored by the forestry industry for previously commercialized tree species which are rapidly declining in areas outside their optimal climatic niches. However, as the current ranges of tree species have been mainly constrained by human activity, their true climatic and ecological niches are likely different from our observations. For example, little is known about environmental niches and population dynamics of tree species with limited dispersal ability, such as silver fir (Abies alba). Long-term (paleo) records of past landscape composition, past climate, and past disturbances can help to reveal the natural environmental niches of tree species. This study focuses on the Bohemian Forest (Šumava) in Czechia, where the human alteration of forests in higher elevations ({\\textgreater}1000 m asl) has only been demonstrated from Medieval times onward. We present an interdisciplinary approach of geochemistry, pollen, charcoal, botanical and insect macro remains from a high-elevation peat record for the last seven millennia. Our multi-proxy study aimed to identify episodes of increased fire and other disturbances such as insect outbreaks, which could have influenced forest dynamics and vegetation succession in this montane region. However, the charcoal and macro-fossil records do not indicate any large local fires, insect outbreaks, browsing, or other disturbances (e.g., anthropogenic) for a major part of the record, suggesting that changes in the vegetation after 6500 cal yr BP were mainly caused by climatic fluctuations. Silver fir (Abies alba) expanded from 4300 cal yr BP, and likely became the dominant tree species at this locality for the next 2000 years, with extremely high pollen values up to 60\\%. During the establishment of silver fir around the peat bog around 5600 cal yr BP and its expansion around 4300 cal yr BP, the geochemical record and low counts of the testate amoeba Archerella flavum indicate drier conditions on the peat bog. Comparison with climatic simulations on a 1 × 1-km scale from the CHELSA database suggests that the local expansion of silver fir possibly coincided with a decrease in precipitation during both the wettest and warmest quarter of the year, related to a decreasing trend in seasonality of annual precipitation; this might confirm the species' higher tolerance to drought. Although silver fir is currently extremely rare in the Bohemian Forest, it has the potential for local expansion if logging, fire, and game browsing are kept to a minimum.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2023-12-14},\n\tjournal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},\n\tauthor = {Schafstall, Nick and Svitavská-Svobodová, Helena and Kadlec, Martin and Gałka, Mariusz and Kuneš, Petr and Bobek, Přemysl and Goliáš, Viktor and Pech, Pavel and Nývlt, Daniel and Hubený, Pavel and Kuosmanen, Niina and Carter, Vachel A. and Florescu, Gabriela},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tkeywords = {Central Europe, Drought tolerance, Fire, Holocene climate, Insect outbreaks, Potential natural vegetation, disturbance},\n\tpages = {111950},\n}\n\n

\n

\n\n\n

\n Temperate forests in the Northern Hemisphere are strongly affected by increasing annual temperatures and natural disturbances such as droughts, fires, and pest outbreaks. In many regions, alternatives are explored by the forestry industry for previously commercialized tree species which are rapidly declining in areas outside their optimal climatic niches. However, as the current ranges of tree species have been mainly constrained by human activity, their true climatic and ecological niches are likely different from our observations. For example, little is known about environmental niches and population dynamics of tree species with limited dispersal ability, such as silver fir (Abies alba). Long-term (paleo) records of past landscape composition, past climate, and past disturbances can help to reveal the natural environmental niches of tree species. This study focuses on the Bohemian Forest (Šumava) in Czechia, where the human alteration of forests in higher elevations (\\textgreater1000 m asl) has only been demonstrated from Medieval times onward. We present an interdisciplinary approach of geochemistry, pollen, charcoal, botanical and insect macro remains from a high-elevation peat record for the last seven millennia. Our multi-proxy study aimed to identify episodes of increased fire and other disturbances such as insect outbreaks, which could have influenced forest dynamics and vegetation succession in this montane region. However, the charcoal and macro-fossil records do not indicate any large local fires, insect outbreaks, browsing, or other disturbances (e.g., anthropogenic) for a major part of the record, suggesting that changes in the vegetation after 6500 cal yr BP were mainly caused by climatic fluctuations. Silver fir (Abies alba) expanded from 4300 cal yr BP, and likely became the dominant tree species at this locality for the next 2000 years, with extremely high pollen values up to 60%. During the establishment of silver fir around the peat bog around 5600 cal yr BP and its expansion around 4300 cal yr BP, the geochemical record and low counts of the testate amoeba Archerella flavum indicate drier conditions on the peat bog. Comparison with climatic simulations on a 1 × 1-km scale from the CHELSA database suggests that the local expansion of silver fir possibly coincided with a decrease in precipitation during both the wettest and warmest quarter of the year, related to a decreasing trend in seasonality of annual precipitation; this might confirm the species' higher tolerance to drought. Although silver fir is currently extremely rare in the Bohemian Forest, it has the potential for local expansion if logging, fire, and game browsing are kept to a minimum.\n

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\n \n 2023\n \n \n (7)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Climate-related soil saturation and peatland development may have conditioned surface water brownification at a central European lake for millennia.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tichá, A.; Vondrák, D.; Moravcová, A.; Chiverrell, R.; and Kuneš, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science of The Total Environment, 858: 159982. February 2023.\n [IF2022=9.8,AIS2022=1.436]\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{ticha_climate-related_2023,\n\ttitle = {Climate-related soil saturation and peatland development may have conditioned surface water brownification at a central {European} lake for millennia},\n\tvolume = {858},\n\tissn = {0048-9697},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159982},\n\tabstract = {Water brownification has long altered freshwater ecosystems across the northern hemisphere. The intensive surface water brownification of the last 30 years was however preceded by previous long-lasting more humic browning episodes in many catchments. To disentangle a cascade of browning-induced environmental stressors this longer temporal perspective is essential and can be reconstructed using paleolimnological investigations. Here we present a Holocene duration multi-proxy paleolimnological record from a small forest mountain lake in the Bohemian Forest (Czechia) and show that climate-related soil saturation and peatland development has driven surface water brownification for millennia there. A long core retrieved from the central part of the lake was dated using 14C and 210Pb, subsampled and analyzed for diatoms and zoological indicator (chironomids, planktonic cladocerans) remains. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) provided a record of elements sensitive to biogeochemical processes connected to browning and catchment development (P, Ti, Al/Rb, Fe/Ti, Mn/Ti, Si/Ti). Three threshold shifts related to the processes of water browning were detected in both diatom and chironomid successions at {\\textasciitilde}10.7, {\\textasciitilde}5.5 and {\\textasciitilde}4.2 cal. ky BP. Since, postglacial afforestation of the catchment {\\textasciitilde}10.7 cal. ky BP the lake experienced strong thermal stratification of the waters, but after {\\textasciitilde}6.8 cal. ky BP soil saturation and expansion of peatlands led to effective shading and probable nutrient limitation within the lake ecosystem. The more intensive in-wash of dissolved organic matter appears to decline after {\\textasciitilde}4.2 cal. ky BP, when the paludified catchment soils became permanently anoxic. Two temporary negative and positive anomalies of browning progress occur at the same time and may be connected with the “8.2 ka event” and the “4.2 ka event”, respectively. The key role of peatlands presence in the catchment was manifested in millennial-scaled browning process and a climatic forcing of long-lasting browning is evidenced by coincidence with the moistening of climate across the northern hemisphere after {\\textasciitilde}6 cal. ky BP.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2022-11-15},\n\tjournal = {Science of The Total Environment},\n\tauthor = {Tichá, Anna and Vondrák, Daniel and Moravcová, Alice and Chiverrell, Richard and Kuneš, Petr},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tnote = {[IF2022=9.8,AIS2022=1.436]},\n\tkeywords = {Bohemian Forest, Dystrophication, Humic substances, Mid-Holocene climate transition, Natural acidification, Paludification, disturbance},\n\tpages = {159982},\n}\n\n

\n

\n\n\n

\n Water brownification has long altered freshwater ecosystems across the northern hemisphere. The intensive surface water brownification of the last 30 years was however preceded by previous long-lasting more humic browning episodes in many catchments. To disentangle a cascade of browning-induced environmental stressors this longer temporal perspective is essential and can be reconstructed using paleolimnological investigations. Here we present a Holocene duration multi-proxy paleolimnological record from a small forest mountain lake in the Bohemian Forest (Czechia) and show that climate-related soil saturation and peatland development has driven surface water brownification for millennia there. A long core retrieved from the central part of the lake was dated using 14C and 210Pb, subsampled and analyzed for diatoms and zoological indicator (chironomids, planktonic cladocerans) remains. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) provided a record of elements sensitive to biogeochemical processes connected to browning and catchment development (P, Ti, Al/Rb, Fe/Ti, Mn/Ti, Si/Ti). Three threshold shifts related to the processes of water browning were detected in both diatom and chironomid successions at ~10.7, ~5.5 and ~4.2 cal. ky BP. Since, postglacial afforestation of the catchment ~10.7 cal. ky BP the lake experienced strong thermal stratification of the waters, but after ~6.8 cal. ky BP soil saturation and expansion of peatlands led to effective shading and probable nutrient limitation within the lake ecosystem. The more intensive in-wash of dissolved organic matter appears to decline after ~4.2 cal. ky BP, when the paludified catchment soils became permanently anoxic. Two temporary negative and positive anomalies of browning progress occur at the same time and may be connected with the “8.2 ka event” and the “4.2 ka event”, respectively. The key role of peatlands presence in the catchment was manifested in millennial-scaled browning process and a climatic forcing of long-lasting browning is evidenced by coincidence with the moistening of climate across the northern hemisphere after ~6 cal. ky BP.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Ohňová Země.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kuneš, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Živa, 2023(5): 212–215. 2023.\n Magazine article in Czech\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{kunes_ohnova_2023,\n\ttitle = {Ohňová {Země}},\n\tvolume = {2023},\n\tlanguage = {Czech},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {Živa},\n\tauthor = {Kuneš, Petr},\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tnote = {Magazine article in Czech},\n\tpages = {212--215},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Paleoekologie pro 21. století.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kuneš, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Přírodovědci, 12(4): 24–25. 2023.\n Magazine article in Czech\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{kunes_paleoekologie_2023,\n\ttitle = {Paleoekologie pro 21. století},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\tlanguage = {Czech},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Přírodovědci},\n\tauthor = {Kuneš, Petr},\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tnote = {Magazine article in Czech},\n\tpages = {24--25},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Well-preserved Norway spruce needle phytoliths in sediments can be a new paleoenvironmental indicator.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lisztes-Szabó, Z.; Tóth, A.; Buró, B.; Braun, Á.; Csík, A.; Filep, A. F; Kuneš, P.; and Braun, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Holocene, 33(4): 471–477. April 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{lisztes-szabo_well-preserved_2023,\n\ttitle = {Well-preserved {Norway} spruce needle phytoliths in sediments can be a new paleoenvironmental indicator},\n\tvolume = {33},\n\tissn = {0959-6836},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/09596836221145361},\n\tabstract = {Analysis of phytoliths (plant silica bodies) still may have an unrevealed potential in paleoenvironmental reconstruction studies. This can provide novel findings in research on environmental change as phytoliths play an important role in the silicon biogeochemical cycle. In favorable environmental conditions, Picea abies [L.] H. Karst (Norway spruce) needles develop a phytolith layer consisting of more or less cubical or cuboid (blocky) phytoliths in their transfusion tissue that becomes continuous toward the apex of the needle. This can be studied in situ in fossil (subfossil) needles under a stereomicroscope. This study reports the blocky-type phytolith preservation in fossil spruce needles in sediment sections of the lake Černé jezero (Bohemian Forest, Czech Republic). The oldest needle containing phytoliths was 7.8 cal ka BP. Despite differences in the Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra of different age phytoliths, the studied subfossil phytoliths did not lose their globular ultrastructure in the needle tissue, proving the stability of this phytolith morphotype. As the tissue of the needle fossils can preserve phytoliths in situ, further micro-analytical measurements will make these needles promising tools for paleoenvironmental reconstructions. The most favorable period for spruce phytolith formation for the studied region appears to be the period 6.0–4.5 cal ka BP, within the Holocene Climate Optimum period. In order to use these phytoliths as a terrestrial climate proxy, the next step is to refine their sensitivity to environmental changes.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2023-11-14},\n\tjournal = {The Holocene},\n\tauthor = {Lisztes-Szabó, Zsuzsa and Tóth, Albert and Buró, Botond and Braun, Ádám and Csík, Attila and Filep, Anna F and Kuneš, Petr and Braun, Mihály},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {471--477},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Substantial light woodland and open vegetation characterized the temperate forest biome before Homo sapiens.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pearce, E. A.; Mazier, F.; Normand, S.; Fyfe, R.; Andrieu, V.; Bakels, C.; Balwierz, Z.; Bińka, K.; Boreham, S.; Borisova, O. K.; Brostrom, A.; de Beaulieu, J.; Gao, C.; González-Sampériz, P.; Granoszewski, W.; Hrynowiecka, A.; Kołaczek, P.; Kuneš, P.; Magri, D.; Malkiewicz, M.; Mighall, T.; Milner, A. M.; Möller, P.; Nita, M.; Noryśkiewicz, B.; Pidek, I. A.; Reille, M.; Robertsson, A.; Salonen, J. S.; Schläfli, P.; Schokker, J.; Scussolini, P.; Šeirienė, V.; Strahl, J.; Urban, B.; Winter, H.; and Svenning, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science Advances, 9(45): eadi9135. November 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{pearce_substantial_2023,\n\ttitle = {Substantial light woodland and open vegetation characterized the temperate forest biome before {Homo} sapiens},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tdoi = {10.1126/sciadv.adi9135},\n\tabstract = {The extent of vegetation openness in past European landscapes is widely debated. In particular, the temperate forest biome has traditionally been defined as dense, closed-canopy forest; however, some argue that large herbivores maintained greater openness or even wood-pasture conditions. Here, we address this question for the Last Interglacial period (129,000–116,000 years ago), before Homo sapiens–linked megafauna declines and anthropogenic landscape transformation. We applied the vegetation reconstruction method REVEALS to 96 Last Interglacial pollen records. We found that light woodland and open vegetation represented, on average, more than 50\\% cover during this period. The degree of openness was highly variable and only partially linked to climatic factors, indicating the importance of natural disturbance regimes. Our results show that the temperate forest biome was historically heterogeneous rather than uniformly dense, which is consistent with the dependency of much of contemporary European biodiversity on open vegetation and light woodland.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {45},\n\turldate = {2023-11-11},\n\tjournal = {Science Advances},\n\tauthor = {Pearce, Elena A. and Mazier, Florence and Normand, Signe and Fyfe, Ralph and Andrieu, Valérie and Bakels, Corrie and Balwierz, Zofia and Bińka, Krzysztof and Boreham, Steve and Borisova, Olga K. and Brostrom, Anna and de Beaulieu, Jacques-Louis and Gao, Cunhai and González-Sampériz, Penélope and Granoszewski, Wojciech and Hrynowiecka, Anna and Kołaczek, Piotr and Kuneš, Petr and Magri, Donatella and Malkiewicz, Małgorzata and Mighall, Tim and Milner, Alice M. and Möller, Per and Nita, Małgorzata and Noryśkiewicz, Bożena and Pidek, Irena Agnieszka and Reille, Maurice and Robertsson, Ann-Marie and Salonen, J. Sakari and Schläfli, Patrick and Schokker, Jeroen and Scussolini, Paolo and Šeirienė, Vaida and Strahl, Jaqueline and Urban, Brigitte and Winter, Hanna and Svenning, Jens-Christian},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {interglacial},\n\tpages = {eadi9135},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Modelling the location of interglacial microrefugia for cold-adapted species: insights from the terrain-mediated distribution of Rhododendron tomentosum in a temperate region in central Europe.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Radoměřský, T.; Bobek, P.; Man, M.; Svitavská Svobodová, H.; and Kuneš, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Preslia, 95(2): 267–296. 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{radomersky_modelling_2023,\n\ttitle = {Modelling the location of interglacial microrefugia for cold-adapted species: insights from the terrain-mediated distribution of {Rhododendron} tomentosum in a temperate region in central {Europe}},\n\tvolume = {95},\n\tissn = {0032-7786},\n\tshorttitle = {Modelling the location of interglacial microrefugia for cold-adapted species},\n\tdoi = {10.23855/preslia.2023.267},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2023-06-06},\n\tjournal = {Preslia},\n\tauthor = {Radoměřský, Tomáš and Bobek, Přemysl and Man, Matěj and Svitavská Svobodová, Helena and Kuneš, Petr},\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {conservation},\n\tpages = {267--296},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Development of high diversity beech forest in the eastern Carpathians.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lestienne, M.; Jamrichová, E.; Kuosmanen, N.; Diaconu, A.; Schafstall, N.; Goliáš, V.; Kletetschka, G.; Šulc, V.; and Kuneš, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Biogeography, 50(4): 699–714. 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{lestienne_development_2023,\n\ttitle = {Development of high diversity beech forest in the eastern {Carpathians}},\n\tvolume = {50},\n\tissn = {1365-2699},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/jbi.14562},\n\tabstract = {Aim In recent decades, a surge in the number of significant and uncontrolled wildfires has occurred worldwide. Global warming may amplify this trend and threaten most ecosystems worldwide. Deciduous forests are characterized by high plant diversity, and understanding their long-term dynamics is crucial to anticipate changes in these ecosystems during ongoing global warming. The aim of this study is to understand how European beech forests have colonized the inner Eastern Carpathians and how changes in fire regime and human activities have affected their biodiversity. Location Inner Eastern Carpathian Mountains, Slovakia. Taxon Plantae, gymnosperms, angiosperms. Methods Peat core was extracted from the centre of Ďurova mláka mire in 2018. A multi-proxy approach has been applied to investigate the development of beech forest. Charcoal analysis has been done each centimetre to reconstruct the fire signal. Pollen analysis has been done at 2 cm resolution to reconstruct the vegetation composition and dynamics, and the variation in palynological richness (PRI), evenness and turnover has been analysed. Macro-remains analysis has been performed at 10 cm resolution to add more information about the local vegetation. Results Low diversity spruce forest was dominant until 5200 cal. BP during a fire-prone period due to specific climatic conditions (drier climate than the following period). The higher fire frequency and intensity following this period is simultaneous with the first expansion of Fagus which indicate that Fagus could occupy post-fire habitats, at least at the local scale. However, its dominance coincided with major gaps in fire events from 3900 cal. BP. The PRI has increased during the transition from spruce to beech forest highlighting the importance of beech forests in maintaining plant biodiversity. However, the stronger increase in the richness is synchronous with the increase in human activities around 2000 cal. BP, and then 350 cal. BP. Main Conclusions Climate-driven fire frequency has been a natural driver of vegetation changes in the Carpathians by promoting the emergence of high diversified beech forest. These changes were significantly modified by later increase in human activities.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2023-01-11},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Biogeography},\n\tauthor = {Lestienne, Marion and Jamrichová, Eva and Kuosmanen, Niina and Diaconu, Andrei-Cosmin and Schafstall, Nick and Goliáš, Viktor and Kletetschka, Günther and Šulc, Václav and Kuneš, Petr},\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Carpathians, Holocene, beech forest, biodiversity, disturbance, fire history, human activities, palaeoecology, spruce forest},\n\tpages = {699--714},\n}\n\n

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\n Aim In recent decades, a surge in the number of significant and uncontrolled wildfires has occurred worldwide. Global warming may amplify this trend and threaten most ecosystems worldwide. Deciduous forests are characterized by high plant diversity, and understanding their long-term dynamics is crucial to anticipate changes in these ecosystems during ongoing global warming. The aim of this study is to understand how European beech forests have colonized the inner Eastern Carpathians and how changes in fire regime and human activities have affected their biodiversity. Location Inner Eastern Carpathian Mountains, Slovakia. Taxon Plantae, gymnosperms, angiosperms. Methods Peat core was extracted from the centre of Ďurova mláka mire in 2018. A multi-proxy approach has been applied to investigate the development of beech forest. Charcoal analysis has been done each centimetre to reconstruct the fire signal. Pollen analysis has been done at 2 cm resolution to reconstruct the vegetation composition and dynamics, and the variation in palynological richness (PRI), evenness and turnover has been analysed. Macro-remains analysis has been performed at 10 cm resolution to add more information about the local vegetation. Results Low diversity spruce forest was dominant until 5200 cal. BP during a fire-prone period due to specific climatic conditions (drier climate than the following period). The higher fire frequency and intensity following this period is simultaneous with the first expansion of Fagus which indicate that Fagus could occupy post-fire habitats, at least at the local scale. However, its dominance coincided with major gaps in fire events from 3900 cal. BP. The PRI has increased during the transition from spruce to beech forest highlighting the importance of beech forests in maintaining plant biodiversity. However, the stronger increase in the richness is synchronous with the increase in human activities around 2000 cal. BP, and then 350 cal. BP. Main Conclusions Climate-driven fire frequency has been a natural driver of vegetation changes in the Carpathians by promoting the emergence of high diversified beech forest. These changes were significantly modified by later increase in human activities.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Millennial scale perspective on biodiversity conservation of the forest-steppe ecotone in Europe.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Giesecke, T.; Kuneš, P.; and Shumilovskikh, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Past Global Changes Magazine, 30(1): 24–25. April 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{giesecke_millennial_2022,\n\ttitle = {Millennial scale perspective on biodiversity conservation of the forest-steppe ecotone in {Europe}},\n\tvolume = {30},\n\tissn = {2411605X, 24119180},\n\tdoi = {10.22498/pages.30.1.24},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2022-04-05},\n\tjournal = {Past Global Changes Magazine},\n\tauthor = {Giesecke, Thomas and Kuneš, Petr and Shumilovskikh, Lyudmila},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {conservation},\n\tpages = {24--25},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Dosavadní výsledky paleoekologických výzkumů v Ašském výběžku – podklady pro ochranu přírody.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kuneš, P.; Bobek, P.; Svobodová-Svitavská, H.; Švarcová, M. G; Šulc, V.; Šturma, J. A.; and Smrtová, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Sborník muzea Karlovarského kraje, 30: 131–150. 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{kunes_dosavadni_2022,\n\ttitle = {Dosavadní výsledky paleoekologických výzkumů v {Ašském} výběžku – podklady pro ochranu přírody},\n\tvolume = {30},\n\tissn = {1803-6066},\n\tlanguage = {Czech},\n\tjournal = {Sborník muzea Karlovarského kraje},\n\tauthor = {Kuneš, Petr and Bobek, Přemysl and Svobodová-Svitavská, Helena and Švarcová, Markéta G and Šulc, Václav and Šturma, Jan Albert and Smrtová, Erika},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {131--150},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n European pollen-based REVEALS land-cover reconstructions for the Holocene: methodology, mapping and potentials.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Githumbi, E.; Fyfe, R.; Gaillard, M.; Trondman, A.; Mazier, F.; Nielsen, A.; Poska, A.; Sugita, S.; Woodbridge, J.; Azuara, J.; Feurdean, A.; Grindean, R.; Lebreton, V.; Marquer, L.; Nebout-Combourieu, N.; Stančikaitė, M.; Tanţău, I.; Tonkov, S.; Shumilovskikh, L.; and data contributors , L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Earth System Science Data, 14(4): 1581–1619. April 2022.\n [IF2021=11.815; AIS2021=4.141]\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{githumbi_european_2022,\n\ttitle = {European pollen-based {REVEALS} land-cover reconstructions for the {Holocene}: methodology, mapping and potentials},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tissn = {1866-3508},\n\tshorttitle = {European pollen-based {REVEALS} land-cover reconstructions for the {Holocene}},\n\tdoi = {10.5194/essd-14-1581-2022},\n\tabstract = {{\\textless}p{\\textgreater}{\\textless}strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor"{\\textgreater}Abstract.{\\textless}/strong{\\textgreater} Quantitative reconstructions of past land cover are necessary to determine the processes involved in climate–human–land-cover interactions. We present the first temporally continuous and most spatially extensive pollen-based land-cover reconstruction for Europe over the Holocene (last 11 700 cal yr BP). We describe how vegetation cover has been quantified from pollen records at a 1{\\textless}span class="inline-formula"{\\textgreater}$^{\\textrm{∘}}${\\textless}/span{\\textgreater} {\\textless}span class="inline-formula"{\\textgreater}×{\\textless}/span{\\textgreater} 1{\\textless}span class="inline-formula"{\\textgreater}$^{\\textrm{∘}}${\\textless}/span{\\textgreater} spatial scale using the “Regional Estimates of VEgetation Abundance from Large Sites” (REVEALS) model. REVEALS calculates estimates of past regional vegetation cover in proportions or percentages. REVEALS has been applied to 1128 pollen records across Europe and part of the eastern Mediterranean–Black Sea–Caspian corridor (30–75{\\textless}span class="inline-formula"{\\textgreater}$^{\\textrm{∘}}${\\textless}/span{\\textgreater} N, 25{\\textless}span class="inline-formula"{\\textgreater}$^{\\textrm{∘}}${\\textless}/span{\\textgreater} W–50{\\textless}span class="inline-formula"{\\textgreater}$^{\\textrm{∘}}${\\textless}/span{\\textgreater} E) to reconstruct the percentage cover of 31 plant taxa assigned to 12 plant functional types (PFTs) and 3 land-cover types (LCTs). A new synthesis of relative pollen productivities (RPPs) for European plant taxa was performed for this reconstruction. It includes multiple RPP values ({\\textless}span class="inline-formula"{\\textgreater}≥2{\\textless}/span{\\textgreater} values) for 39 taxa and single values for 15 taxa (total of 54 taxa). To illustrate this, we present distribution maps for five taxa (\\textit{Calluna vulgaris}, Cerealia type (t)., \\textit{Picea abies}, deciduous \\textit{Quercus} t. and evergreen \\textit{Quercus} t.) and three land-cover types (open land, OL; evergreen trees, ETs; and summer-green trees, STs) for eight selected time windows. The reliability of the REVEALS reconstructions and issues related to the interpretation of the results in terms of landscape openness and human-induced vegetation change are discussed. This is followed by a review of the current use of this reconstruction and its future potential utility and development. REVEALS data quality are primarily determined by pollen count data (pollen count and sample, pollen identification, and chronology) and site type and number (lake or bog, large or small, one site vs. multiple sites) used for REVEALS analysis (for each grid cell). A large number of sites with high-quality pollen count data will produce more reliable land-cover estimates with lower standard errors compared to a low number of sites with lower-quality pollen count data. The REVEALS data presented here can be downloaded from {\\textless}a href="https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.937075"{\\textgreater}https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.937075{\\textless}/a{\\textgreater} (Fyfe et al., 2022).{\\textless}/p{\\textgreater}},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2022-04-19},\n\tjournal = {Earth System Science Data},\n\tauthor = {Githumbi, Esther and Fyfe, Ralph and Gaillard, Marie-Jose and Trondman, Anna-Kari and Mazier, Florence and Nielsen, Anne-Birgitte and Poska, Anneli and Sugita, Shinya and Woodbridge, Jessie and Azuara, Julien and Feurdean, Angelica and Grindean, Roxana and Lebreton, Vincent and Marquer, Laurent and Nebout-Combourieu, Nathalie and Stančikaitė, Miglė and Tanţău, Ioan and Tonkov, Spassimir and Shumilovskikh, Lyudmila and LandClimII data contributors},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {[IF2021=11.815; AIS2021=4.141]},\n\tkeywords = {reconstruction},\n\tpages = {1581--1619},\n}\n\n

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\n \\textlessp\\textgreater\\textlessstrong class=\"journal-contentHeaderColor\"\\textgreaterAbstract.\\textless/strong\\textgreater Quantitative reconstructions of past land cover are necessary to determine the processes involved in climate–human–land-cover interactions. We present the first temporally continuous and most spatially extensive pollen-based land-cover reconstruction for Europe over the Holocene (last 11 700 cal yr BP). We describe how vegetation cover has been quantified from pollen records at a 1\\textlessspan class=\"inline-formula\"\\textgreater$^{\\textrm{∘}}$\\textless/span\\textgreater \\textlessspan class=\"inline-formula\"\\textgreater×\\textless/span\\textgreater 1\\textlessspan class=\"inline-formula\"\\textgreater$^{\\textrm{∘}}$\\textless/span\\textgreater spatial scale using the “Regional Estimates of VEgetation Abundance from Large Sites” (REVEALS) model. REVEALS calculates estimates of past regional vegetation cover in proportions or percentages. REVEALS has been applied to 1128 pollen records across Europe and part of the eastern Mediterranean–Black Sea–Caspian corridor (30–75\\textlessspan class=\"inline-formula\"\\textgreater$^{\\textrm{∘}}$\\textless/span\\textgreater N, 25\\textlessspan class=\"inline-formula\"\\textgreater$^{\\textrm{∘}}$\\textless/span\\textgreater W–50\\textlessspan class=\"inline-formula\"\\textgreater$^{\\textrm{∘}}$\\textless/span\\textgreater E) to reconstruct the percentage cover of 31 plant taxa assigned to 12 plant functional types (PFTs) and 3 land-cover types (LCTs). A new synthesis of relative pollen productivities (RPPs) for European plant taxa was performed for this reconstruction. It includes multiple RPP values (\\textlessspan class=\"inline-formula\"\\textgreater≥2\\textless/span\\textgreater values) for 39 taxa and single values for 15 taxa (total of 54 taxa). To illustrate this, we present distribution maps for five taxa (Calluna vulgaris, Cerealia type (t)., Picea abies, deciduous Quercus t. and evergreen Quercus t.) and three land-cover types (open land, OL; evergreen trees, ETs; and summer-green trees, STs) for eight selected time windows. The reliability of the REVEALS reconstructions and issues related to the interpretation of the results in terms of landscape openness and human-induced vegetation change are discussed. This is followed by a review of the current use of this reconstruction and its future potential utility and development. REVEALS data quality are primarily determined by pollen count data (pollen count and sample, pollen identification, and chronology) and site type and number (lake or bog, large or small, one site vs. multiple sites) used for REVEALS analysis (for each grid cell). A large number of sites with high-quality pollen count data will produce more reliable land-cover estimates with lower standard errors compared to a low number of sites with lower-quality pollen count data. The REVEALS data presented here can be downloaded from \\textlessa href=\"https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.937075\"\\textgreaterhttps://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.937075\\textless/a\\textgreater (Fyfe et al., 2022).\\textless/p\\textgreater\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Sub-fossil bark beetles as indicators of past disturbance events in temperate Picea abies mountain forests.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Schafstall, N.; Kuosmanen, N.; Kuneš, P.; Svobodová, H. S.; Svitok, M.; Chiverrell, R. C.; Halsall, K.; Fleischer, P.; Knížek, M.; and Clear, J. L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Quaternary Science Reviews, 275: 107289. January 2022.\n [IF2021=4.456;AIS2021=1.586]\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{schafstall_sub-fossil_2022,\n\ttitle = {Sub-fossil bark beetles as indicators of past disturbance events in temperate {Picea} abies mountain forests},\n\tvolume = {275},\n\tissn = {0277-3791},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107289},\n\tabstract = {Temperate mountain forests have experienced an increase in frequency and severity of natural disturbances (e.g., droughts, fires, windstorms and insect outbreaks) in recent decades due to climate and environmental change. Outbreaks of bark beetles have caused significant dieback of conifer forests in Central Europe and it is essential to model and predict the potential severity of future bark beetle outbreaks. However, to predict future bark beetle activity, historical baseline information is required to contextualize the magnitude of current and potential future outbreaks. A fossil beetle record from a forest hollow in the Tatra Mountains, Slovakia; one of the best-preserved national parks in Central Europe, was produced to identify insect outbreaks during the last millennia. Sub-fossil bark beetle remains were compared with parallel pollen and charcoal to assess whether peaks in conifer bark beetle remains correspond with indications of disturbance documented in historical or sedimentary fossil records. Three peaks in bark beetle remains were detected (1) post-2004, (2) AD 1140–1440, and (3) AD 930–1030. The abundance of species Pityogenes chalcographus and Pityophthorus pityographus in the two top samples can be linked directly to large bark beetle outbreaks in the High Tatra Mountains after 2004. P. chalcographus and P. pityographus are also the abundant species in the second peak (AD 1140–1440) while the third peak (AD 930–1030) consists of the species Polygraphus poligraphus. The most prominent conifer bark beetle in Central Europe, Ips typographus, was found to be present in most of the samples but always at very low numbers. It is plausible that P. chalcographus and P. pityographus fossils might be useful proxies for past conifer bark beetle outbreaks in Central Europe, as they occur together with fossils of I. typographus but appear to be well-preserved. A significant correlation was found between primary bark beetles and macroscopic charcoal densities in the sediment, highlighting the complex interactions between disturbance agents, bark beetles and fire, in this long-term regime of natural disturbances. Our 1400-year disturbance record shows how bark beetle outbreaks have been an important component of the regional natural disturbance regime for over a millennium and have intensified with increasing anthropogenic activity. Bark beetle outbreaks are likely one of the drivers promoting the future ecological stability of the temperate conifer ecosystem over decades to centuries.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2021-11-29},\n\tjournal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},\n\tauthor = {Schafstall, Nick and Kuosmanen, Niina and Kuneš, Petr and Svobodová, Helena Svitavská and Svitok, Marek and Chiverrell, Richard C. and Halsall, Karen and Fleischer, Peter and Knížek, Miloš and Clear, Jennifer L.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {[IF2021=4.456;AIS2021=1.586]},\n\tkeywords = {Bark beetle outbreaks, Central Europe, Disturbance history, Ecosystem services, Fire, Fossil proxies, High Tatra mountains, disturbance},\n\tpages = {107289},\n}\n\n

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\n Temperate mountain forests have experienced an increase in frequency and severity of natural disturbances (e.g., droughts, fires, windstorms and insect outbreaks) in recent decades due to climate and environmental change. Outbreaks of bark beetles have caused significant dieback of conifer forests in Central Europe and it is essential to model and predict the potential severity of future bark beetle outbreaks. However, to predict future bark beetle activity, historical baseline information is required to contextualize the magnitude of current and potential future outbreaks. A fossil beetle record from a forest hollow in the Tatra Mountains, Slovakia; one of the best-preserved national parks in Central Europe, was produced to identify insect outbreaks during the last millennia. Sub-fossil bark beetle remains were compared with parallel pollen and charcoal to assess whether peaks in conifer bark beetle remains correspond with indications of disturbance documented in historical or sedimentary fossil records. Three peaks in bark beetle remains were detected (1) post-2004, (2) AD 1140–1440, and (3) AD 930–1030. The abundance of species Pityogenes chalcographus and Pityophthorus pityographus in the two top samples can be linked directly to large bark beetle outbreaks in the High Tatra Mountains after 2004. P. chalcographus and P. pityographus are also the abundant species in the second peak (AD 1140–1440) while the third peak (AD 930–1030) consists of the species Polygraphus poligraphus. The most prominent conifer bark beetle in Central Europe, Ips typographus, was found to be present in most of the samples but always at very low numbers. It is plausible that P. chalcographus and P. pityographus fossils might be useful proxies for past conifer bark beetle outbreaks in Central Europe, as they occur together with fossils of I. typographus but appear to be well-preserved. A significant correlation was found between primary bark beetles and macroscopic charcoal densities in the sediment, highlighting the complex interactions between disturbance agents, bark beetles and fire, in this long-term regime of natural disturbances. Our 1400-year disturbance record shows how bark beetle outbreaks have been an important component of the regional natural disturbance regime for over a millennium and have intensified with increasing anthropogenic activity. Bark beetle outbreaks are likely one of the drivers promoting the future ecological stability of the temperate conifer ecosystem over decades to centuries.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Disruption of cultural burning promotes shrub encroachment and unprecedented wildfires.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mariani, M.; Connor, S. E; Theuerkauf, M.; Herbert, A.; Kuneš, P.; Bowman, D.; Fletcher, M.; Head, L.; Kershaw, A P.; Haberle, S. G; Stevenson, J.; Adeleye, M.; Cadd, H.; Hopf, F.; and Briles, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 20(5): 292–300. 2022.\n [IF2021=13.789;AIS2021=4.071]\n\n\n\n
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@article{mariani_disruption_2022,\n\ttitle = {Disruption of cultural burning promotes shrub encroachment and unprecedented wildfires},\n\tvolume = {20},\n\tissn = {1540-9309},\n\tdoi = {10.1002/fee.2395},\n\tabstract = {Recent catastrophic fires in Australia and North America have raised broad-scale questions about how the cessation of Indigenous burning practices has impacted fuel accumulation and structure. For sustainable coexistence with fire, a better understanding of the ancient nexus between humans and flammable landscapes is needed. We used novel palaeoecological modeling and charcoal compilations to reassess evidence for changes in land cover and fire activity, focusing on southeast Australia before and after British colonization. Here, we provide what we believe is the first quantitative evidence that the region’s forests and woodlands contained fewer shrubs and more grass before colonization. Changes in vegetation, fuel structures, and connectivity followed different trajectories in different vegetation types. The pattern is best explained by the disruption of Indigenous vegetation management caused by European settlement. Combined with climate-change impacts on fire weather and drought, the widespread absence of Indigenous fire management practices likely preconditioned fire-prone regions for wildfires of unprecedented extent.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2022-06-22},\n\tjournal = {Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment},\n\tauthor = {Mariani, Michela and Connor, Simon E and Theuerkauf, Martin and Herbert, Annika and Kuneš, Petr and Bowman, David and Fletcher, Michael-Shawn and Head, Lesley and Kershaw, A Peter and Haberle, Simon G and Stevenson, Janelle and Adeleye, Matthew and Cadd, Haidee and Hopf, Feli and Briles, Christy},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {[IF2021=13.789;AIS2021=4.071]},\n\tkeywords = {disturbance, reconstruction},\n\tpages = {292--300},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Spatial scaling of pollen-plant diversity relationship in landscapes with contrasting diversity patterns.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Abraham, V.; Kuneš, P.; Vild, O.; Jamrichová, E.; Plesková, Z.; Werchan, B.; Svitavská-Svobodová, H.; and Roleček, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Scientific Reports, 12(1): 17937. October 2022.\n [IF2021=4.997;AIS2021=1.208]\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{abraham_spatial_2022,\n\ttitle = {Spatial scaling of pollen-plant diversity relationship in landscapes with contrasting diversity patterns},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\tcopyright = {2022 The Author(s)},\n\tissn = {2045-2322},\n\tdoi = {10.1038/s41598-022-22353-3},\n\tabstract = {Mitigating the effects of global change on biodiversity requires its understanding in the past. The main proxy of plant diversity, fossil pollen record, has a complex relationship to surrounding vegetation and unknown spatial scale. We explored both using modern pollen spectra in species-rich and species-poor regions in temperate Central Europe. We also considered the biasing effects of the trees by using sites in forests and open habitats in each region. Pollen samples were collected from moss polsters at 60 sites and plant species were recorded along two 1 km-transects at each site. We found a significant positive correlation between pollen and plant richness (alpha diversity) in both complete datasets and for both subsets from open habitats. Pollen richness in forest datasets is not significantly related to floristic data due to canopy interception of pollen rather than to pollen productivity. Variances (beta diversity) of the six pollen and floristic datasets are strongly correlated. The source area of pollen richness is determined by the number of species appearing with increasing distance, which aggregates information on diversity of individual patches within the landscape mosaic and on their compositional similarity. Our results validate pollen as a reconstruction tool for plant diversity in the past.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2022-10-26},\n\tjournal = {Scientific Reports},\n\tauthor = {Abraham, Vojtěch and Kuneš, Petr and Vild, Ondřej and Jamrichová, Eva and Plesková, Zuzana and Werchan, Barbora and Svitavská-Svobodová, Helena and Roleček, Jan},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {[IF2021=4.997;AIS2021=1.208]},\n\tkeywords = {Biodiversity, Palaeoecology, reconstruction},\n\tpages = {17937},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Mountain aquatic Isoëtes populations reflect millennial-scale environmental changes in the Bohemian Forest Ecosystem, Central Europe.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Moravcová, A.; Tichá, A.; Carter, V. A; Vondrák, D.; Čtvrtlíková, M.; van Leeuwen, J. F.; Heurich, M.; Tinner, W.; and Kuneš, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Holocene, 31(5): 746–759. May 2021.\n [IF2020=2.769]\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{moravcova_mountain_2021,\n\ttitle = {Mountain aquatic \\textit{{Isoëtes}} populations reflect millennial-scale environmental changes in the {Bohemian} {Forest} {Ecosystem}, {Central} {Europe}},\n\tvolume = {31},\n\tissn = {0959-6836},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0959683620988060},\n\tabstract = {In this study we aim to investigate millennial-scale dynamics of Isoëtes, a type of macrophyte well adapted to oligotrophic and clear-water lakes. Despite its wide distribution during the Early Holocene, nowadays Isoëtes is considered as vulnerable or critically endangered in many Central European countries. Using a multi-proxy palaeoecological reconstruction involving Isoëtes micro- and megaspores, pollen, plant macrofossils, macro-charcoal, diatoms and chironomids from four lakes (Prášilské jezero, Plešné jezero, Černé jezero, Rachelsee) located in the Bohemian Forest Ecosystem mountain region in Central Europe, we reconstruct Isoëtes dynamics and discuss how local environmental factors impacted its distribution and abundance during the Holocene. Our results show regionally concurrent patterns of Isoëtes colonisation across all lakes beginning 10,300–9300 cal yr BP, and substantially declining around 6400 cal yr BP. Results from Prášilské jezero imply that Isoëtes decline and collapse in this lake reflect gradual dystrophication that led to the browning of lake water. This is evidenced by a shift in diatom assemblages towards more acidophilous taxa dominated by Asterionella ralfsii and by a decrease in total chironomid abundance and taxa sensitive to low oxygen levels. Dystrophication of Prášilské jezero was linked with the immigration of the late-successional tree taxa (Picea abies and later Fagus sylvatica and Abies alba), peatland expansion, and decreasing fire activity. Multi-site comparison of pollen records suggest that these vegetation-related environmental changes were common for the whole region. Our study demonstrates the sensitivity of Isoëtes to millennial-scale natural environmental changes within the surrounding lake catchment.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2021-05-17},\n\tjournal = {The Holocene},\n\tauthor = {Moravcová, Alice and Tichá, Anna and Carter, Vachel A and Vondrák, Daniel and Čtvrtlíková, Martina and van Leeuwen, Jacqueline FN and Heurich, Marco and Tinner, Willy and Kuneš, Petr},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {[IF2020=2.769]},\n\tkeywords = {disturbance, fire regime, lake dystrophy, podzolisation, quillwort decline, thermal stratification, vegetation change},\n\tpages = {746--759},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Comparative biology of four Rhodanthidium species (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) that nest in snail shells.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hostinská, L.; Kuneš, P.; Hadrava, J.; Bosch, J.; Scaramozzino, P. L.; and Bogusch, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 85: 11–28. August 2021.\n [IF2020=1.733]\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{hostinska_comparative_2021,\n\ttitle = {Comparative biology of four {Rhodanthidium} species ({Hymenoptera}, {Megachilidae}) that nest in snail shells},\n\tvolume = {85},\n\tissn = {1314-2607},\n\tdoi = {10.3897/jhr.85.66544},\n\tabstract = {Some species of two tribes (Anthidiini and Osmiini) of the bee family Megachilidae utilize empty gastropod shells as nesting cavities. While snail-nesting Osmiini have been more frequently studied and the nesting biology of several species is well-known, much less is known about the habits of snail-nesting Anthidiini. We collected nests of four species of the genus Rhodanthidium (R. septemdentatum, R. sticticum, R. siculum and R. infuscatum) in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Catalonia (Spain) and Sicily (Italy). We dissected these nests in the laboratory and documented their structure, pollen sources and nest associates. The four species usually choose large snail shells. All four species close their nests with a plug made of resin, sand and fragments of snail shells. However, nests of the four species can be distinguished based on the presence (R. septemdentatum, R. sticticum) or absence (R. siculum, R. infuscatum) of mineral and plant debris in the vestibular space, and the presence (R. septemdentatum, R. infuscatum) or absence (R. sticticum, R. siculum) of a resin partition between the vestibular space and the brood cell. Rhodanthidium septemdentatum, R. sticticum and R. siculum usually build a single brood cell per nest, but all R. infuscatum nests studied contained two or more cells. For three of the species (R. siculum, R. septemdentatum and R. sticticum) we confirmed overwintering in the adult stage. Contrary to R. siculum, R. septemdentatum and R. sticticum do not hide their nest shells and usually use shells under the stones or hidden in crevices within stone walls. Nest associates were very infrequent. We only found two R. sticticum nests parasitized by the chrysidid wasp Chrysura refulgens and seven nests infested with pollen mites Chaetodactylus cf. anthidii. Our pollen analyses confirm that Rhodanthidium are polylectic but show a preference for Fabaceae by R. sticticum.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2021-09-01},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Hymenoptera Research},\n\tauthor = {Hostinská, Lucie and Kuneš, Petr and Hadrava, Jiří and Bosch, Jordi and Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi and Bogusch, Petr},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {[IF2020=1.733]},\n\tpages = {11--28},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Holocene plant diversity dynamics show a distinct biogeographical pattern in temperate Europe.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Roleček, J.; Abraham, V.; Vild, O.; Svitavská, H. S.; Jamrichová, E.; Plesková, Z.; Pokorný, P.; and Kuneš, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Biogeography, 48(6): 1366–1376. 2021.\n [IF2020=4.324]\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{rolecek_holocene_2021,\n\ttitle = {Holocene plant diversity dynamics show a distinct biogeographical pattern in temperate {Europe}},\n\tvolume = {48},\n\tcopyright = {© 2021 John Wiley \\& Sons Ltd},\n\tissn = {1365-2699},\n\tdoi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.14082},\n\tabstract = {Aim Pollen has been used before to reconstruct Holocene plant diversity changes in broadly delimited regions such as continents and countries. In this study we ask whether finer-scale differences in plant diversity, which are of interest to biogeographers and ecologists, are also detectable in the fossil pollen record coming from a single, biogeographically complex region of temperate Europe. Location Central Europe (Czech Republic, Slovakia). Taxon Vascular plants. Methods Fossil pollen extracted from 18 high-quality profiles was used as a proxy of past plant diversity. Pollen counts of tree taxa were corrected by pollen productivities and pollen assemblages were resampled to 100 grains per sample and 150 grains per 500-year time window. SiZer analysis was used to test and visualize multi-scale diversity patterns. SiZer maps were compared using principal coordinate analysis, and linear modelling was used to identify the best predictors. Pollen composition was analysed using non-metric multidimensional scaling. K-means clustering and indicator species analysis were used to interpret ordination results. Results Mean Holocene plant diversity is significantly predicted by latitude, whilst its temporal pattern varies by biogeographical region. Major differences were found between the Mesic and Montane Hercynia (relatively low diversity, increasing only in the Late Holocene) and Pannonia, the Carpathians and the Warm Hercynia (higher diversity, increasing from the Early or Middle Holocene onwards). The low diversity in the Middle and Late Holocene is associated with the prevalence of woody and acidophilic taxa. High diversity is associated with numerous grassland and minerotrophic wetland taxa, crops and weeds. Main conclusions Plant diversity and its changes during the Holocene are geographically structured across temperate Europe. The main causes appear to be differences between biogeographical regions in the dynamics of landscape openness and vegetation composition. The differences reflect spatial patterns in climate and human impact and their temporal changes.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2021-05-30},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Biogeography},\n\tauthor = {Roleček, Jan and Abraham, Vojtěch and Vild, Ondřej and Svitavská, Helena Svobodová and Jamrichová, Eva and Plesková, Zuzana and Pokorný, Petr and Kuneš, Petr},\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {[IF2020=4.324]},\n\tkeywords = {Central Europe, Postglacial, biogeographical regions, diversity trends, pollen richness, reconstruction, spatial patterns, vascular plants},\n\tpages = {1366--1376},\n}\n\n

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\n Aim Pollen has been used before to reconstruct Holocene plant diversity changes in broadly delimited regions such as continents and countries. In this study we ask whether finer-scale differences in plant diversity, which are of interest to biogeographers and ecologists, are also detectable in the fossil pollen record coming from a single, biogeographically complex region of temperate Europe. Location Central Europe (Czech Republic, Slovakia). Taxon Vascular plants. Methods Fossil pollen extracted from 18 high-quality profiles was used as a proxy of past plant diversity. Pollen counts of tree taxa were corrected by pollen productivities and pollen assemblages were resampled to 100 grains per sample and 150 grains per 500-year time window. SiZer analysis was used to test and visualize multi-scale diversity patterns. SiZer maps were compared using principal coordinate analysis, and linear modelling was used to identify the best predictors. Pollen composition was analysed using non-metric multidimensional scaling. K-means clustering and indicator species analysis were used to interpret ordination results. Results Mean Holocene plant diversity is significantly predicted by latitude, whilst its temporal pattern varies by biogeographical region. Major differences were found between the Mesic and Montane Hercynia (relatively low diversity, increasing only in the Late Holocene) and Pannonia, the Carpathians and the Warm Hercynia (higher diversity, increasing from the Early or Middle Holocene onwards). The low diversity in the Middle and Late Holocene is associated with the prevalence of woody and acidophilic taxa. High diversity is associated with numerous grassland and minerotrophic wetland taxa, crops and weeds. Main conclusions Plant diversity and its changes during the Holocene are geographically structured across temperate Europe. The main causes appear to be differences between biogeographical regions in the dynamics of landscape openness and vegetation composition. The differences reflect spatial patterns in climate and human impact and their temporal changes.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Global acceleration in rates of vegetation change over the past 18,000 years.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mottl, O.; Flantua, S. G. A.; Bhatta, K. P.; Felde, V. A.; Giesecke, T.; Goring, S.; Grimm, E. C.; Haberle, S.; Hooghiemstra, H.; Ivory, S.; Kuneš, P.; Wolters, S.; Seddon, A. W. R.; and Williams, J. W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Science, 372(6544): 860–864. May 2021.\n [IF2020=47.728]\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Global$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{mottl_global_2021,\n\ttitle = {Global acceleration in rates of vegetation change over the past 18,000 years},\n\tvolume = {372},\n\tissn = {0036-8075, 1095-9203},\n\turl = {https://science.sciencemag.org/content/372/6544/860},\n\tdoi = {10.1126/science.abg1685},\n\tabstract = {The pace of Holocene vegetation change\nAlthough much is known about the rapid environmental changes that have occurred since the Industrial Revolution, the patterns of change over the preceding millennia have been only patchily understood. Using a global set of {\\textgreater}1100 fossil pollen records, Mottl et al. explored the rates of vegetation change over the past 18,000 years (see the Perspective by Overpeck and Breshears). The authors show that the rates of change accelerated markedly during the Late Holocene (∼4.6 to 2.9 thousand years ago), even more rapidly than the climate-driven vegetation changes associated with the end of the last glacial period. In addition, the Late Holocene acceleration began for terrestrial communities as a whole, suggesting that the acceleration in turnover over the past two centuries is the tip of a deeper trend.\nScience, abg1685, this issue p. 860; see also abi9902, p. 786\nGlobal vegetation over the past 18,000 years has been transformed first by the climate changes that accompanied the last deglaciation and again by increasing human pressures; however, the magnitude and patterns of rates of vegetation change are poorly understood globally. Using a compilation of 1181 fossil pollen sequences and newly developed statistical methods, we detect a worldwide acceleration in the rates of vegetation compositional change beginning between 4.6 and 2.9 thousand years ago that is globally unprecedented over the past 18,000 years in both magnitude and extent. Late Holocene rates of change equal or exceed the deglacial rates for all continents, which suggests that the scale of human effects on terrestrial ecosystems exceeds even the climate-driven transformations of the last deglaciation. The acceleration of biodiversity change demonstrated in ecological datasets from the past century began millennia ago.\nA compilation of fossil pollen sequences shows that the acceleration of biodiversity change began millennia ago.\nA compilation of fossil pollen sequences shows that the acceleration of biodiversity change began millennia ago.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {6544},\n\turldate = {2021-05-20},\n\tjournal = {Science},\n\tauthor = {Mottl, Ondřej and Flantua, Suzette G. A. and Bhatta, Kuber P. and Felde, Vivian A. and Giesecke, Thomas and Goring, Simon and Grimm, Eric C. and Haberle, Simon and Hooghiemstra, Henry and Ivory, Sarah and Kuneš, Petr and Wolters, Steffen and Seddon, Alistair W. R. and Williams, John W.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {[IF2020=47.728]},\n\tkeywords = {Database, reconstruction},\n\tpages = {860--864},\n}\n\n

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\n The pace of Holocene vegetation change Although much is known about the rapid environmental changes that have occurred since the Industrial Revolution, the patterns of change over the preceding millennia have been only patchily understood. Using a global set of \\textgreater1100 fossil pollen records, Mottl et al. explored the rates of vegetation change over the past 18,000 years (see the Perspective by Overpeck and Breshears). The authors show that the rates of change accelerated markedly during the Late Holocene (∼4.6 to 2.9 thousand years ago), even more rapidly than the climate-driven vegetation changes associated with the end of the last glacial period. In addition, the Late Holocene acceleration began for terrestrial communities as a whole, suggesting that the acceleration in turnover over the past two centuries is the tip of a deeper trend. Science, abg1685, this issue p. 860; see also abi9902, p. 786 Global vegetation over the past 18,000 years has been transformed first by the climate changes that accompanied the last deglaciation and again by increasing human pressures; however, the magnitude and patterns of rates of vegetation change are poorly understood globally. Using a compilation of 1181 fossil pollen sequences and newly developed statistical methods, we detect a worldwide acceleration in the rates of vegetation compositional change beginning between 4.6 and 2.9 thousand years ago that is globally unprecedented over the past 18,000 years in both magnitude and extent. Late Holocene rates of change equal or exceed the deglacial rates for all continents, which suggests that the scale of human effects on terrestrial ecosystems exceeds even the climate-driven transformations of the last deglaciation. The acceleration of biodiversity change demonstrated in ecological datasets from the past century began millennia ago. A compilation of fossil pollen sequences shows that the acceleration of biodiversity change began millennia ago. A compilation of fossil pollen sequences shows that the acceleration of biodiversity change began millennia ago.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Conservation targets from the perspective of a palaeoecological reconstruction: the case study of Dářko peat bog in the Czech Republic.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Roleček, J.; Svitavská Svobodová, H.; Jamrichová, E.; Dudová, L.; Hájková, P.; Kletetschka, G.; Kuneš, P.; and Abraham, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Preslia, 92(2): 87–114. 2020.\n [IF2019=4.357]\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n 2 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{rolecek_conservation_2020,\n\ttitle = {Conservation targets from the perspective of a palaeoecological reconstruction: the case study of {Dářko} peat bog in the {Czech} {Republic}},\n\tvolume = {92},\n\tdoi = {10.23855/preslia.2020.087},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Preslia},\n\tauthor = {Roleček, Jan and Svitavská Svobodová, Helena and Jamrichová, Eva and Dudová, Lydie and Hájková, Petra and Kletetschka, Günther and Kuneš, Petr and Abraham, Vojtěch},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {[IF2019=4.357]},\n\tkeywords = {conservation},\n\tpages = {87--114},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The role of climate-fuel feedbacks on Holocene biomass burning in upper-montane Carpathian forests.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Carter, V. A.; Bobek, P.; Moravcová, A.; Šolcová, A.; Chiverrell, R. C.; Clear, J. L.; Finsinger, W.; Feurdean, A.; Tanţău, I.; Magyari, E.; Brussel, T.; and Kuneš, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Global and Planetary Change, 193: 103264. October 2020.\n [IF2019=4.448]\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 5 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{carter_role_2020,\n\ttitle = {The role of climate-fuel feedbacks on {Holocene} biomass burning in upper-montane {Carpathian} forests},\n\tvolume = {193},\n\tissn = {0921-8181},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103264},\n\tabstract = {Over the past few decades, mean summer temperatures within the Carpathian Mountains have increased by as much as 2 °C leading to a projected increased forest fire risk. Currently, there are no paleofire records from the Western Carpathians that provide the long-term range of natural variability to contextualise the response of upper-montane forests to future environmental change and disturbance regimes. We present the first high-resolution Holocene fire history record from the upper-montane ecotone from the High Tatra Mountains, Slovakia, as well as provide a regional synthesis of pan-Carpathian drivers of biomass burning in upper-montane forests. Our results illustrate that forest composition and density both greatly influence biomass burning, creating two different climate-fuel feedbacks. First, warmer conditions in the early Holocene, coupled with generally higher abundances of Pinus sp., either P. cembra and/or P. mugo/sylvestris, created a positive climate-fuel relationship that resulted in higher amounts of biomass burning. Second, cooler and wetter late Holocene conditions led to denser Picea abies upper-montane forests, creating a negative climate-fuel feedback that reduced biomass burning in upper-montane forests across the Carpathians. Given that warmer and drier conditions are expected across the entire Carpathian region in the future, our results illustrate how future climate change could potentially create a positive climate-fuel relationship within upper-montane forests dominated by Picea abies and Pinus cembra and/or P. mugo/sylvestris.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2020-07-10},\n\tjournal = {Global and Planetary Change},\n\tauthor = {Carter, Vachel A. and Bobek, Přemysl and Moravcová, Alice and Šolcová, Anna and Chiverrell, Richard C. and Clear, Jennifer L. and Finsinger, Walter and Feurdean, Angelica and Tanţău, Ioan and Magyari, Enikő and Brussel, Thomas and Kuneš, Petr},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {[IF2019=4.448]},\n\tkeywords = {Carpathians, Fire, Forest composition, Forest density, Holocene, Macrofossils, Pollen, Sedimentary charcoal, Upper-montane, disturbance},\n\tpages = {103264},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Changes in species composition and diversity of a montane beetle community over the last millennium in the High Tatras, Slovakia: Implications for forest conservation and management.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Schafstall, N.; Whitehouse, N.; Kuosmanen, N.; Svobodová-Svitavská, H.; Saulnier, M.; Chiverrell, R. C.; Fleischer, P.; Kuneš, P.; and Clear, J. L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 555: 109834. October 2020.\n [IF2019=2.833]\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 2 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{schafstall_changes_2020,\n\ttitle = {Changes in species composition and diversity of a montane beetle community over the last millennium in the {High} {Tatras}, {Slovakia}: {Implications} for forest conservation and management},\n\tvolume = {555},\n\tissn = {0031-0182},\n\tshorttitle = {Changes in species composition and diversity of a montane beetle community over the last millennium in the {High} {Tatras}, {Slovakia}},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.109834},\n\tabstract = {Montane biomes are niche environments high in biodiversity with a variety of habitats. Often isolated, these non-continuous remnant ecosystems inhabit narrow ecological zones putting them under threat from changing climatic conditions and anthropogenic pressure. Twelve sediment cores were retrieved from a peat bog in Tatra National Park, Slovakia, and correlated to each other by wiggle-matching geochemical signals derived from micro-XRF scanning, to make a reconstruction of past conditions. A fossil beetle (Coleoptera) record, covering the last 1000 years at 50- to 100-year resolution, gives a new insight into changing flora and fauna in this region. Our findings reveal a diverse beetle community with varied ecological groups inhabiting a range of forest, meadow and synanthropic habitats. Changes in the beetle community were related to changes in the landscape, driven by anthropogenic activities. The first clear evidence for human activity in the area occurs c. 1250 CE and coincides with the arrival of beetle species living on the dung of domesticated animals (e.g. Aphodius spp.). From 1500 CE, human (re)settlement, and activities such as pasturing and charcoal burning, appear to have had a pronounced effect on the beetle community. Local beetle diversity declined steadily towards the present day, likely due to an infilling of the forest hollow leading to a decrease in moisture level. We conclude that beetle communities are directly affected by anthropogenic intensity and land-use change. When aiming to preserve or restore natural forest conditions, recording their past changes in diversity can help guide conservation and restoration. In doing so, it is important to look back beyond the time of significant human impact, and for this, information contained in paleoecological records is irreplaceable.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2020-06-20},\n\tjournal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},\n\tauthor = {Schafstall, Nick and Whitehouse, Nicki and Kuosmanen, Niina and Svobodová-Svitavská, Helena and Saulnier, Mélanie and Chiverrell, Richard C. and Fleischer, Peter and Kuneš, Petr and Clear, Jennifer L.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {[IF2019=2.833]},\n\tkeywords = {Biodiversity, Central Europe, Climate change, Coleoptera, Human impact, Nature conservation, disturbance},\n\tpages = {109834},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Integration of dendrochronological and palaeoecological disturbance reconstructions in temperate mountain forests.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kuosmanen, N.; Čada, V.; Halsall, K.; Chiverrell, R. C.; Schafstall, N.; Kuneš, P.; Boyle, J. F.; Knížek, M.; Appleby, P. G.; Svoboda, M.; and Clear, J. L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forest Ecology and Management, 475: 118413. November 2020.\n [IF2019=3.17]\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 2 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{kuosmanen_integration_2020,\n\ttitle = {Integration of dendrochronological and palaeoecological disturbance reconstructions in temperate mountain forests},\n\tvolume = {475},\n\tissn = {0378-1127},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118413},\n\tabstract = {Disentangling the long-term changes in forest disturbance dynamics provides a basis for predicting the forest responses to changing environmental conditions. The combination of multidisciplinary records can offer more robust reconstructions of past forest disturbance dynamics. Here we link disturbance histories of the central European mountain spruce forest obtained from dendrochronological and palaeoecological records (fossil pollen, sedimentary charcoal, bark beetle remains and geochemistry) using a small glacial lake and the surrounding forest in the Šumava National Park (Czech Republic). Dendrochronological reconstructions of disturbance were created for 300-year-long records from 6 study plots with a minimum of 35 trees analyzed for the abrupt growth increases (releases) and rapid early growth rates, both indicative of disturbance events. High-resolution analysis of lake sediments were used to reconstruct 800-year long changes in forest composition and landscape openness (fossil pollen), past fire events (micro- and macroscopic charcoal), bark beetle occurrence (fossil bark beetle remains), and erosion episodes (geochemical signals in the sediment) potentially resulting from disturbance events. Tree-ring data indicate that disturbances occurred regularly through the last three centuries and identify a most intensive period of disturbances between 1780 and 1830 CE. Geochemical erosion markers (e.g. K, Zr, \\% inorganic) show greater flux of catchment sediment and soils in the periods 1250–1400 and 1450–1500 CE, before a substantial shift to a more erosive regime 1600–1850 and 1900 CE onwards. Pollen records demonstrate relatively small changes in forest composition during the last 800 years until the beginning of the 20th century, when there was decrease in Picea. Fossil bark beetle remains indicate continuous presence of bark beetles from 1620s to 1800s, and charcoal records suggest that more frequent fires occurred during the 18th century. Each of the dendrochronological, palaeoecological and sedimentological records provide a unique perspective on forest disturbance dynamics, and combined offer a more robust and complete record of disturbance history. We demonstrate that sedimentary proxies originating from the lake catchment mirror the forest disturbance dynamics recorded in the tree-rings. The multidisciplinary records likely record forest disturbances at different spatial and temporal scales revealing different disturbance characteristics. Integrating these multidisciplinary datasets demonstrates a promising way to obtain more complete understanding of long-term disturbance dynamics. However, integrating datasets with variable spatial and temporal influence remains challenging. Our results indicated that multiple disturbance factors, such as windstorms, bark beetle outbeaks and fires, may occur simultaneously creating a complex disturbance regime in mountain forests, which should be considered in forest management and conservation strategies.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2020-08-02},\n\tjournal = {Forest Ecology and Management},\n\tauthor = {Kuosmanen, Niina and Čada, Vojtěch and Halsall, Karen and Chiverrell, Richard C. and Schafstall, Nick and Kuneš, Petr and Boyle, John F. and Knížek, Miloš and Appleby, Peter G. and Svoboda, Miroslav and Clear, Jennifer L.},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {[IF2019=3.17]},\n\tkeywords = {Bark beetles, Fire, Forest dynamics, Geochemistry, Pollen, Tree-rings, disturbance},\n\tpages = {118413},\n}\n\n

\n

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\n Disentangling the long-term changes in forest disturbance dynamics provides a basis for predicting the forest responses to changing environmental conditions. The combination of multidisciplinary records can offer more robust reconstructions of past forest disturbance dynamics. Here we link disturbance histories of the central European mountain spruce forest obtained from dendrochronological and palaeoecological records (fossil pollen, sedimentary charcoal, bark beetle remains and geochemistry) using a small glacial lake and the surrounding forest in the Šumava National Park (Czech Republic). Dendrochronological reconstructions of disturbance were created for 300-year-long records from 6 study plots with a minimum of 35 trees analyzed for the abrupt growth increases (releases) and rapid early growth rates, both indicative of disturbance events. High-resolution analysis of lake sediments were used to reconstruct 800-year long changes in forest composition and landscape openness (fossil pollen), past fire events (micro- and macroscopic charcoal), bark beetle occurrence (fossil bark beetle remains), and erosion episodes (geochemical signals in the sediment) potentially resulting from disturbance events. Tree-ring data indicate that disturbances occurred regularly through the last three centuries and identify a most intensive period of disturbances between 1780 and 1830 CE. Geochemical erosion markers (e.g. K, Zr, % inorganic) show greater flux of catchment sediment and soils in the periods 1250–1400 and 1450–1500 CE, before a substantial shift to a more erosive regime 1600–1850 and 1900 CE onwards. Pollen records demonstrate relatively small changes in forest composition during the last 800 years until the beginning of the 20th century, when there was decrease in Picea. Fossil bark beetle remains indicate continuous presence of bark beetles from 1620s to 1800s, and charcoal records suggest that more frequent fires occurred during the 18th century. Each of the dendrochronological, palaeoecological and sedimentological records provide a unique perspective on forest disturbance dynamics, and combined offer a more robust and complete record of disturbance history. We demonstrate that sedimentary proxies originating from the lake catchment mirror the forest disturbance dynamics recorded in the tree-rings. The multidisciplinary records likely record forest disturbances at different spatial and temporal scales revealing different disturbance characteristics. Integrating these multidisciplinary datasets demonstrates a promising way to obtain more complete understanding of long-term disturbance dynamics. However, integrating datasets with variable spatial and temporal influence remains challenging. Our results indicated that multiple disturbance factors, such as windstorms, bark beetle outbeaks and fires, may occur simultaneously creating a complex disturbance regime in mountain forests, which should be considered in forest management and conservation strategies.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Vegetační změny v prostoru a čase.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kuneš, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Živa, 2020(5): 215–218. 2020.\n Magazine article in Czech\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{kunes_vegetacni_2020,\n\ttitle = {Vegetační změny v prostoru a čase},\n\tvolume = {2020},\n\tlanguage = {Czech},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {Živa},\n\tauthor = {Kuneš, Petr},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Magazine article in Czech},\n\tpages = {215--218},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Compositional turnover and variation in Eemian pollen sequences in Europe.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Felde, V. A.; Flantua, S. G. A.; Jenks, C. R.; Benito, B. M.; de Beaulieu, J.; Kuneš, P.; Magri, D.; Nalepka, D.; Risebrobakken, B.; ter Braak, C. J. F.; Allen, J. R. M.; Granoszewski, W.; Helmens, K. F.; Huntley, B.; Kondratienė, O.; Kalniņa, L.; Kupryjanowicz, M.; Malkiewicz, M.; Milner, A. M.; Nita, M.; Noryśkiewicz, B.; Pidek, I. A.; Reille, M.; Salonen, J. S.; Šeirienė, V.; Winter, H.; Tzedakis, P. C.; and Birks, H. J. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 29(1): 101–109. January 2020.\n [IF2019=2.364]\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{felde_compositional_2020,\n\ttitle = {Compositional turnover and variation in {Eemian} pollen sequences in {Europe}},\n\tvolume = {29},\n\tissn = {1617-6278},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00334-019-00726-5},\n\tabstract = {The Eemian interglacial represents a natural experiment on how past vegetation with negligible human impact responded to amplified temperature changes compared to the Holocene. Here, we assemble 47 carefully selected Eemian pollen sequences from Europe to explore geographical patterns of (1) total compositional turnover and total variation for each sequence and (2) stratigraphical turnover between samples within each sequence using detrended canonical correspondence analysis, multivariate regression trees, and principal curves. Our synthesis shows that turnover and variation are highest in central Europe (47–55°N), low in southern Europe (south of 45°N), and lowest in the north (above 60°N). These results provide a basis for developing hypotheses about causes of vegetation change during the Eemian and their possible drivers.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2020-01-07},\n\tjournal = {Vegetation History and Archaeobotany},\n\tauthor = {Felde, Vivian A. and Flantua, Suzette G. A. and Jenks, Cathy R. and Benito, Blas M. and de Beaulieu, Jacques-Louis and Kuneš, Petr and Magri, Donatella and Nalepka, Dorota and Risebrobakken, Bjørg and ter Braak, Cajo J. F. and Allen, Judy R. M. and Granoszewski, Wojciech and Helmens, Karin F. and Huntley, Brian and Kondratienė, Ona and Kalniņa, Laimdota and Kupryjanowicz, Mirosława and Malkiewicz, Małgorzata and Milner, Alice M. and Nita, Małgorzata and Noryśkiewicz, Bożena and Pidek, Irena A. and Reille, Maurice and Salonen, J. Sakari and Šeirienė, Vaida and Winter, Hanna and Tzedakis, Polychronis C. and Birks, H. John B.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {[IF2019=2.364]},\n\tkeywords = {Detrended canonical correspondence analysis, Extrinsic and intrinsic processes, Inertia, Last interglacial dataset, Multivariate regression trees, Neutral processes, Principal curves, database, interglacial},\n\tpages = {101--109},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Fire hazard modulation by long-term dynamics in land cover and dominant forest type in eastern and central Europe.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Feurdean, A.; Vannière, B.; Finsinger, W.; Warren, D.; Connor, S. C.; Forrest, M.; Liakka, J.; Panait, A.; Werner, C.; Andrič, M.; Bobek, P.; Carter, V. A.; Davis, B.; Diaconu, A.; Dietze, E.; Feeser, I.; Florescu, G.; Gałka, M.; Giesecke, T.; Jahns, S.; Jamrichová, E.; Kajukało, K.; Kaplan, J.; Karpińska-Kołaczek, M.; Kołaczek, P.; Kuneš, P.; Kupriyanov, D.; Lamentowicz, M.; Lemmen, C.; Magyari, E. K.; Marcisz, K.; Marinova, E.; Niamir, A.; Novenko, E.; Obremska, M.; Pędziszewska, A.; Pfeiffer, M.; Poska, A.; Rösch, M.; Słowiński, M.; Stančikaitė, M.; Szal, M.; Święta-Musznicka, J.; Tanţău, I.; Theuerkauf, M.; Tonkov, S.; Valkó, O.; Vassiljev, J.; Veski, S.; Vincze, I.; Wacnik, A.; Wiethold, J.; and Hickler, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Biogeosciences, 17(5): 1213–1230. March 2020.\n [IF2019=3.48]\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Fire$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{feurdean_fire_2020,\n\ttitle = {Fire hazard modulation by long-term dynamics in land cover and dominant forest type in eastern and central {Europe}},\n\tvolume = {17},\n\tissn = {1726-4170},\n\turl = {https://www.biogeosciences.net/17/1213/2020/},\n\tdoi = {10.5194/bg-17-1213-2020},\n\tabstract = {{\\textless}p{\\textgreater}{\\textless}strong{\\textgreater}Abstract.{\\textless}/strong{\\textgreater} Wildfire occurrence is influenced by climate, vegetation and human activities. A key challenge for understanding the risk of fires is quantifying the mediating effect of vegetation on fire regimes. Here, we explore the relative importance of Holocene land cover, land use, dominant functional forest type, and climate dynamics on biomass burning in temperate and boreo-nemoral regions of central and eastern Europe over the past 12\\&thinsp;kyr. We used an extensive data set of Holocene pollen and sedimentary charcoal records, in combination with climate simulations and statistical modelling. Biomass burning was highest during the early Holocene and lowest during the mid-Holocene in all three ecoregions (Atlantic, continental and boreo-nemoral) but was more spatially variable over the past 3–4\\&thinsp;kyr. Although climate explained a significant variance in biomass burning during the early Holocene, tree cover was consistently the highest predictor of past biomass burning over the past 8\\&thinsp;kyr. In temperate forests, biomass burning was high at {\\textless}span class="inline-formula"{\\textgreater}∼45{\\textless}/span{\\textgreater}\\&thinsp;\\% tree cover and decreased to a minimum at between 60\\&thinsp;\\% and 70\\&thinsp;\\% tree cover. In needleleaf-dominated forests, biomass burning was highest at {\\textless}span class="inline-formula"{\\textgreater}∼{\\textless}/span{\\textgreater}\\&thinsp;60\\&thinsp;\\%–65\\&thinsp;\\% tree cover and steeply declined at {\\textless}span class="inline-formula"{\\textgreater}\\&gt;65{\\textless}/span{\\textgreater}\\&thinsp;\\% tree cover. Biomass burning also increased when arable lands and grasslands reached {\\textless}span class="inline-formula"{\\textgreater}∼{\\textless}/span{\\textgreater}\\&thinsp;15\\&thinsp;\\%–20\\&thinsp;\\%, although this relationship was variable depending on land use practice via ignition sources, fuel type and quantities. Higher tree cover reduced the amount of solar radiation reaching the forest floor and could provide moister, more wind-protected microclimates underneath canopies, thereby decreasing fuel flammability. Tree cover at which biomass burning increased appears to be driven by warmer and drier summer conditions during the early Holocene and by increasing human influence on land cover during the late Holocene. We suggest that long-term fire hazard may be effectively reduced through land cover management, given that land cover has controlled fire regimes under the dynamic climates of the Holocene.{\\textless}/p{\\textgreater}},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2020-03-05},\n\tjournal = {Biogeosciences},\n\tauthor = {Feurdean, Angelica and Vannière, Boris and Finsinger, Walter and Warren, Dan and Connor, Simon C. and Forrest, Matthew and Liakka, Johan and Panait, Andrei and Werner, Christian and Andrič, Maja and Bobek, Premysl and Carter, Vachel A. and Davis, Basil and Diaconu, Andrei-Cosmin and Dietze, Elisabeth and Feeser, Ingo and Florescu, Gabriela and Gałka, Mariusz and Giesecke, Thomas and Jahns, Susanne and Jamrichová, Eva and Kajukało, Katarzyna and Kaplan, Jed and Karpińska-Kołaczek, Monika and Kołaczek, Piotr and Kuneš, Petr and Kupriyanov, Dimitry and Lamentowicz, Mariusz and Lemmen, Carsten and Magyari, Enikö K. and Marcisz, Katarzyna and Marinova, Elena and Niamir, Aidin and Novenko, Elena and Obremska, Milena and Pędziszewska, Anna and Pfeiffer, Mirjam and Poska, Anneli and Rösch, Manfred and Słowiński, Michal and Stančikaitė, Miglė and Szal, Marta and Święta-Musznicka, Joanna and Tanţău, Ioan and Theuerkauf, Martin and Tonkov, Spassimir and Valkó, Orsolya and Vassiljev, Jüri and Veski, Siim and Vincze, Ildiko and Wacnik, Agnieszka and Wiethold, Julian and Hickler, Thomas},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {[IF2019=3.48]},\n\tkeywords = {disturbance},\n\tpages = {1213--1230},\n}\n\n

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\n \\textlessp\\textgreater\\textlessstrong\\textgreaterAbstract.\\textless/strong\\textgreater Wildfire occurrence is influenced by climate, vegetation and human activities. A key challenge for understanding the risk of fires is quantifying the mediating effect of vegetation on fire regimes. Here, we explore the relative importance of Holocene land cover, land use, dominant functional forest type, and climate dynamics on biomass burning in temperate and boreo-nemoral regions of central and eastern Europe over the past 12 kyr. We used an extensive data set of Holocene pollen and sedimentary charcoal records, in combination with climate simulations and statistical modelling. Biomass burning was highest during the early Holocene and lowest during the mid-Holocene in all three ecoregions (Atlantic, continental and boreo-nemoral) but was more spatially variable over the past 3–4 kyr. Although climate explained a significant variance in biomass burning during the early Holocene, tree cover was consistently the highest predictor of past biomass burning over the past 8 kyr. In temperate forests, biomass burning was high at \\textlessspan class=\"inline-formula\"\\textgreater∼45\\textless/span\\textgreater % tree cover and decreased to a minimum at between 60 % and 70 % tree cover. In needleleaf-dominated forests, biomass burning was highest at \\textlessspan class=\"inline-formula\"\\textgreater∼\\textless/span\\textgreater 60 %–65 % tree cover and steeply declined at \\textlessspan class=\"inline-formula\"\\textgreater>65\\textless/span\\textgreater % tree cover. Biomass burning also increased when arable lands and grasslands reached \\textlessspan class=\"inline-formula\"\\textgreater∼\\textless/span\\textgreater 15 %–20 %, although this relationship was variable depending on land use practice via ignition sources, fuel type and quantities. Higher tree cover reduced the amount of solar radiation reaching the forest floor and could provide moister, more wind-protected microclimates underneath canopies, thereby decreasing fuel flammability. Tree cover at which biomass burning increased appears to be driven by warmer and drier summer conditions during the early Holocene and by increasing human influence on land cover during the late Holocene. We suggest that long-term fire hazard may be effectively reduced through land cover management, given that land cover has controlled fire regimes under the dynamic climates of the Holocene.\\textless/p\\textgreater\n

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\n \n 2019\n \n \n (6)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Relative pollen productivity estimates for vegetation reconstruction in central-eastern Europe inferred at local and regional scales.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kuneš, P.; Abraham, V.; Werchan, B.; Plesková, Z.; Fajmon, K.; Jamrichová, E.; and Roleček, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Holocene, 29(11): 1708–1719. November 2019.\n [IF2018=2.547]\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 2 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{kunes_relative_2019,\n\ttitle = {Relative pollen productivity estimates for vegetation reconstruction in central-eastern {Europe} inferred at local and regional scales},\n\tvolume = {29},\n\tissn = {0959-6836},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0959683619862026},\n\tabstract = {Understanding pollen-vegetation relationships is crucial for accurate land-cover and climate reconstructions, yet important parameters for quantifying past vegetation abundance are mostly unknown for large parts of Europe harbouring temperate thermophilous ecosystems. We collected pollen and vegetation data in central-eastern Europe, a region covered by patchy cultural landscapes of high biodiversity to estimate relative pollen productivity (RPP) for important pollen-equivalent taxa. Our study area was situated in the south-western part of the White Carpathians (Czechia–Slovakia borderland), where we collected 40 modern moss pollen samples scattered over 250 km2 and mapped vegetation within 100 m around each pollen site. Additional vegetation data were compiled from Forest management plans, Natura 2000 habitat mapping and floristic inventories over the entire area. We calculated RPP (referenced to Poaceae) by testing two approaches: the extended R-value (ERV) model by estimating relevant source area of pollen and the REVEALS-based productivity using regional scale vegetation estimates. Two models were applied to depict pollen dispersal: Lagrangian stochastic and the Gaussian plume (Prentice) models. We estimated RPP for 16 taxa using the ERV model and an additional nine taxa using REVEALS. Both approaches found Plantago lanceolata-type to be a high pollen producer, Quercus medium-to-high, Asteraceae subf. Cichorioideae, Anthemis-type, Ranunculus acris-type and Rubiaceae low-to-medium and Brassicaceae and Senecio-type as low pollen producers. Results for other, mainly tree taxa, significantly differed in both approaches mainly due to largely uneven representation in both local and regional vegetation. In comparison with other studies, our data demonstrate a high variability in the estimated RPPs which could be influenced by climatic conditions or potentially vegetation structure. We suggest that the accuracy of RPP estimates could be enhanced by comparing modern pollen data with large-scale vegetation data in the future.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {11},\n\turldate = {2019-09-18},\n\tjournal = {The Holocene},\n\tauthor = {Kuneš, Petr and Abraham, Vojtěch and Werchan, Barbora and Plesková, Zuzana and Fajmon, Karel and Jamrichová, Eva and Roleček, Jan},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {[IF2018=2.547]},\n\tkeywords = {Czech Republic, ERV model, Gaussian plume model, LRA, Lagrangian stochastic model, REVEALS, modern pollen spectra, reconstruction, vegetation cover},\n\tpages = {1708--1719},\n}\n\n

\n

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\n Understanding pollen-vegetation relationships is crucial for accurate land-cover and climate reconstructions, yet important parameters for quantifying past vegetation abundance are mostly unknown for large parts of Europe harbouring temperate thermophilous ecosystems. We collected pollen and vegetation data in central-eastern Europe, a region covered by patchy cultural landscapes of high biodiversity to estimate relative pollen productivity (RPP) for important pollen-equivalent taxa. Our study area was situated in the south-western part of the White Carpathians (Czechia–Slovakia borderland), where we collected 40 modern moss pollen samples scattered over 250 km2 and mapped vegetation within 100 m around each pollen site. Additional vegetation data were compiled from Forest management plans, Natura 2000 habitat mapping and floristic inventories over the entire area. We calculated RPP (referenced to Poaceae) by testing two approaches: the extended R-value (ERV) model by estimating relevant source area of pollen and the REVEALS-based productivity using regional scale vegetation estimates. Two models were applied to depict pollen dispersal: Lagrangian stochastic and the Gaussian plume (Prentice) models. We estimated RPP for 16 taxa using the ERV model and an additional nine taxa using REVEALS. Both approaches found Plantago lanceolata-type to be a high pollen producer, Quercus medium-to-high, Asteraceae subf. Cichorioideae, Anthemis-type, Ranunculus acris-type and Rubiaceae low-to-medium and Brassicaceae and Senecio-type as low pollen producers. Results for other, mainly tree taxa, significantly differed in both approaches mainly due to largely uneven representation in both local and regional vegetation. In comparison with other studies, our data demonstrate a high variability in the estimated RPPs which could be influenced by climatic conditions or potentially vegetation structure. We suggest that the accuracy of RPP estimates could be enhanced by comparing modern pollen data with large-scale vegetation data in the future.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Divergent fire history trajectories in Central European temperate forests revealed a pronounced influence of broadleaved trees on fire dynamics.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bobek, P.; Svobodová-Svitavská, H.; Pokorný, P.; Šamonil, P.; Kuneš, P.; Kozáková, R.; Abraham, V.; Klinerová, T.; Švarcová, M. G.; Jamrichová, E.; Krauseová, E.; and Wild, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Quaternary Science Reviews, 222: 105865. October 2019.\n [IF2018=4.641]\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{bobek_divergent_2019,\n\ttitle = {Divergent fire history trajectories in {Central} {European} temperate forests revealed a pronounced influence of broadleaved trees on fire dynamics},\n\tvolume = {222},\n\tissn = {0277-3791},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.105865},\n\tabstract = {Fire occurrence is driven by a complex interplay between vegetation, climatic, landform and human factors making it challenging to separate the individual effect of each variable. Here we present a reconstruction of the Holocene biomass burning history of two regions located in the Central European temperate zone that differ in the timing of the Middle Holocene expansion of broadleaf-dominated forest communities. This allowed us to investigate the effect of biotic changes on past fire activity. Multiple-site charcoal accumulation records were used to estimate regional-scale trends in biomass burning and to compare them with major trajectories of vegetation development. Extensive 14C-dated soil charcoal records collected within both regions were amalgamated using a cumulative probability function to identify a stand-scale proxy of past fire occurrence. Our results suggest that rising vegetation productivity driven by rapid Early Holocene climate amelioration enhanced biomass burning. The increased fire activity during this period was driven by both a drier- and warmer-than-present climate and easily flammable fuels produced by conifer-dominated vegetation. We identified an inhibiting effect of the concomitant Fagus sylvatica expansion on levels of biomass burning that occurred asynchronously between our mountain and mid-elevation sandstone regions 6500 cal yr BP and 4900 cal yr BP, respectively. The amount of compositional change in plant communities was more related to the transformation of major vegetation types than to fluctuations in fire activity levels. The divergent timing of the fire decline in response to the Fagus sylvatica expansion implies biotic control over biomass burning that is independent of a direct climatic influence.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2019-09-16},\n\tjournal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},\n\tauthor = {Bobek, Přemysl and Svobodová-Svitavská, Helena and Pokorný, Petr and Šamonil, Pavel and Kuneš, Petr and Kozáková, Radka and Abraham, Vojtěch and Klinerová, Tereza and Švarcová, Markéta Gabriela and Jamrichová, Eva and Krauseová, Eva and Wild, Jan},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {[IF2018=4.641]},\n\tkeywords = {Fire history, Holocene, Human impact, Sedimentary charcoal, Species turnover, Vegetation dynamics, disturbance},\n\tpages = {105865},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Changing disturbance-diversity relationships in temperate ecosystems over the past 12000 years.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kuneš, P.; Abraham, V.; and Herben, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Ecology, 107(4): 1678–1688. 2019.\n [IF2018=5.687]\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 4 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{kunes_changing_2019,\n\ttitle = {Changing disturbance-diversity relationships in temperate ecosystems over the past 12000 years},\n\tvolume = {107},\n\tcopyright = {© 2019 The Authors. Journal of Ecology © 2019 British Ecological Society},\n\tissn = {1365-2745},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/1365-2745.13136},\n\tabstract = {Disturbances such as fires and grazing have major impacts on biodiversity. While it has been suggested that species richness is highest with intermediate levels of disturbance, currently there is no consensus due to an absence of data covering large temporal and spatial scales. We developed a new method to examine disturbance-diversity relationships (DDR) using sedimentary pollen data linked with species’ disturbance ecology. We reconstructed disturbance and diversity dynamics in the region of the European temperate zone over the last 12,000 years and calculated DDR for 900-year sequential temporal windows. Disturbance frequency was highest in the early and late Holocene, while remaining low in the mid-Holocene. Diversity increased continuously from the start of the Holocene. Our results demonstrate that over the past 12,000 years DDR changed from hump-shaped into monotonic increasing pattern. While both highly disturbed and undisturbed sites were strongly impoverished in the early Holocene, as species migrated, biodiversity levels have subsequently affected disturbance regimes with highly disturbed sites now being the highest in species richness. Synthesis. Land-use changes in the last 4,000 years created an increasingly patchy landscape, allowing invasive species adapted to high-frequency disturbance to migrate across the landscape. The link between high diversity and disturbed areas is relatively recent and may anticipate even greater disturbance frequencies in future. Our findings also support a hypothesis that species migration, and the structure of the species pool critically determines the response of biota to external factors such as disturbance.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2019-06-28},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Ecology},\n\tauthor = {Kuneš, Petr and Abraham, Vojtěch and Herben, Tomáš},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {[IF2018=5.687]},\n\tkeywords = {Central Europe, Holocene, disturbance, disturbance frequency, pollen, richness, vegetation},\n\tpages = {1678--1688},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Holocene rapid climate changes and ice-rafting debris events reflected in high-resolution European charcoal records.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Florescu, G.; Brown, K. J.; Carter, V. A.; Kuneš, P.; Veski, S.; and Feurdean, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Quaternary Science Reviews, 222: 105877. October 2019.\n [IF2018=4.641]\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{florescu_holocene_2019,\n\ttitle = {Holocene rapid climate changes and ice-rafting debris events reflected in high-resolution {European} charcoal records},\n\tvolume = {222},\n\tissn = {0277-3791},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.105877},\n\tabstract = {In contrast to marked climate change across glacial-interglacial cycles, the Holocene epoch represents a relatively warm, stable interval. However, on finer temporal scales, it too has experienced both gradual and rapid changes in climate. In the North Atlantic region, many rapid climate changes (RCCs) coincide with ice-rafted debris (IRD) or Bond events, which are associated with cooling and suggested to occur with periodicities of 1370 ± 500 years. Given that climate is a dominant control of fire activity, regulating both vegetation productivity and fuel moisture, this study investigated the linkage between Holocene fire, IRD episodes and associated RCCs in seven high-resolution charcoal records distributed across Europe. Results show low-frequency fire periodicities of 500–600 years, 900–1400 and 2400 years that occurred simultaneously across northern and mid-latitude Europe, suggesting that regional fire disturbance responded to large-scale climate drivers. The 900–1400 year periodicity is most common among sites and of similar frequency to IRD episodes, potentially reflecting a connection between mechanisms regulating IRD flux in the North Atlantic and wildfire activity in Europe. Although the data indicate some spatial variability in fire induced by local drivers (such as vegetation and human impact) during RCC events associated with IRD peaks, broad-scale patterns are discernible. Specifically, Northern Europe burned more during the 10.2, 9.4, 8.2, 5.9 and 4.2 kiloannum before present (ka) RCC events when climate was drier, and less during the 2.9 and 1.4 ka events when climate was moister. In contrast, in mid-latitude Europe, a higher incidence of fire is documented at 8.2 and 1.4 ka when climate was drier and a lower incidence of fire is associated with moister conditions at 10.2, 9.4 and 2.9 ka. Spatial heterogeneity is evident in mid-latitude Europe during the 5.9, 4.2 and 0.4 ka events. These spatially explicit sub-continental scale differences in fire activity may be related to differences in moisture availability resulting from shifts in associated atmospheric circulation patterns.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2019-09-08},\n\tjournal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},\n\tauthor = {Florescu, Gabriela and Brown, Kendrick J. and Carter, Vachel A. and Kuneš, Petr and Veski, Siim and Feurdean, Angelica},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {[IF2018=4.641]},\n\tkeywords = {Europe, Fire cycles, Holocene, Ice rafted debris events, Macroscopic charcoal, Rapid climate change, disturbance},\n\tpages = {105877},\n}\n\n

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\n In contrast to marked climate change across glacial-interglacial cycles, the Holocene epoch represents a relatively warm, stable interval. However, on finer temporal scales, it too has experienced both gradual and rapid changes in climate. In the North Atlantic region, many rapid climate changes (RCCs) coincide with ice-rafted debris (IRD) or Bond events, which are associated with cooling and suggested to occur with periodicities of 1370 ± 500 years. Given that climate is a dominant control of fire activity, regulating both vegetation productivity and fuel moisture, this study investigated the linkage between Holocene fire, IRD episodes and associated RCCs in seven high-resolution charcoal records distributed across Europe. Results show low-frequency fire periodicities of 500–600 years, 900–1400 and 2400 years that occurred simultaneously across northern and mid-latitude Europe, suggesting that regional fire disturbance responded to large-scale climate drivers. The 900–1400 year periodicity is most common among sites and of similar frequency to IRD episodes, potentially reflecting a connection between mechanisms regulating IRD flux in the North Atlantic and wildfire activity in Europe. Although the data indicate some spatial variability in fire induced by local drivers (such as vegetation and human impact) during RCC events associated with IRD peaks, broad-scale patterns are discernible. Specifically, Northern Europe burned more during the 10.2, 9.4, 8.2, 5.9 and 4.2 kiloannum before present (ka) RCC events when climate was drier, and less during the 2.9 and 1.4 ka events when climate was moister. In contrast, in mid-latitude Europe, a higher incidence of fire is documented at 8.2 and 1.4 ka when climate was drier and a lower incidence of fire is associated with moister conditions at 10.2, 9.4 and 2.9 ka. Spatial heterogeneity is evident in mid-latitude Europe during the 5.9, 4.2 and 0.4 ka events. These spatially explicit sub-continental scale differences in fire activity may be related to differences in moisture availability resulting from shifts in associated atmospheric circulation patterns.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Historická ekologie: dlouhodobé interakce přírody a člověka – II. Bez člověka – koncept přirozenosti očima paleoekologie.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kuneš, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Živa, 2019(4): 176–179. 2019.\n Magazine article in Czech\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{kunes_historicka_2019,\n\ttitle = {Historická ekologie: dlouhodobé interakce přírody a člověka – {II}. {Bez} člověka – koncept přirozenosti očima paleoekologie},\n\tvolume = {2019},\n\tlanguage = {Czech},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Živa},\n\tauthor = {Kuneš, Petr},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {Magazine article in Czech},\n\tpages = {176--179},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Litostratigrafie a stáří sedimentů šumavských jezer: prvotní zhodnocení.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Vondrák, D.; Kopáček, J.; Kletetschka, G.; Chattová, B.; Suchánek, V.; Tátosová, J.; and Kuneš, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Zprávy o geologických výzkumech, 52(1): 75–83. April 2019.\n In Czech\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{vondrak_litostratigrafie_2019,\n\ttitle = {Litostratigrafie a stáří sedimentů šumavských jezer: prvotní zhodnocení},\n\tvolume = {52},\n\tdoi = {10.3140/zpravy.geol.2019.13},\n\tlanguage = {Czech},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2019-04-29},\n\tjournal = {Zprávy o geologických výzkumech},\n\tauthor = {Vondrák, Daniel and Kopáček, Jiří and Kletetschka, Günther and Chattová, Barbora and Suchánek, Vladimír and Tátosová, Jolana and Kuneš, Petr},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {In Czech},\n\tpages = {75--83},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Population and forest dynamics during the Central European Eneolithic (4500–2000 BC).\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kolář, J.; Kuneš, P.; Szabó, P.; Hajnalová, M.; Svobodová, H. S.; Macek, M.; and Tkáč, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 10(5): 1153–1164. August 2018.\n [IF2017=2.414]\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{kolar_population_2018,\n\ttitle = {Population and forest dynamics during the {Central} {European} {Eneolithic} (4500–2000 {BC})},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {1866-9557, 1866-9565},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s12520-016-0446-5},\n\tabstract = {The population boom-and-bust during the European Neolithic (7000–2000 BC) has been the subject of lively discussion for the past decade. Most of the research on this topic was carried out with help of summed radiocarbon probability distributions. We aim to reconstruct population dynamics within the catchment of a medium sized lake on the basis of information on the presence of all known past human activities. We calculated a human activity model based on Monte Carlo simulations. The model showed the lowest level of human activity between 4000 and 3000 BC. For a better understanding of long-term socio-environmental dynamics, we also used the results of a pollen-based quantitative vegetation model, as well as a local macrophysical climate model. The beginning of the decline of archaeologically visible human activities corresponds with climatic changes and an increase in secondary forest taxa probably indicating more extensive land use. In addition, social and technological innovations are important, such as the introduction of the ard, wheel, animal traction and metallurgy, as well as changes in social hierarchy characterizing the same period.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2016-12-14},\n\tjournal = {Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences},\n\tauthor = {Kolář, Jan and Kuneš, Petr and Szabó, Péter and Hajnalová, Mária and Svobodová, Helena Svitavská and Macek, Martin and Tkáč, Peter},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tnote = {[IF2017=2.414]},\n\tkeywords = {Czech Republic, MCM model, Neolithic, Population density, REVEALS, climate, conservation, cultural landscape, reconstruction},\n\tpages = {1153--1164},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Quantitative palynology informing conservation ecology in the Bohemian/Bavarian Forests of Central Europe.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Carter, V. A.; Chiverrell, R. C.; Clear, J. L.; Kuosmanen, N.; Moravcová, A.; Svoboda, M.; Svobodová-Svitavská, H.; Leeuwen, V.; Van Leeuwen, J.; van der Knaap, W. O.; and Kuneš, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Frontiers in Plant Science, 8(Article 2268): 1–14. 2018.\n [IF2017=3.678]\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 2 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{carter_quantitative_2018,\n\ttitle = {Quantitative palynology informing conservation ecology in the {Bohemian}/{Bavarian} {Forests} of {Central} {Europe}},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\tissn = {1664-462X},\n\tdoi = {10.3389/fpls.2017.02268},\n\tabstract = {In 1927, the first pollen diagram was published from the Bohemian/Bavarian Forest region of Central Europe, providing one of the first qualitative views of the long-term vegetation development in the region. Since then significant methodological advances in quantitative approaches such as pollen influx and pollen-based vegetation models (e.g., Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm, LRA) have contributed to enhance our understanding of temporal and spatial ecology. These types of quantitative reconstructions are fundamental for conservation and restoration ecology because they provide long-term perspectives on ecosystem functioning. In the Bohemian/Bavarian Forests, forest managers have a goal to restore the original forest composition at mid-elevation forests, yet they rely on natural potential vegetation maps that do not take into account long-term vegetation dynamics. Here we reconstruct the Holocene history of forest composition and discuss the implications the LRA has for regional forest management and conservation. Two newly analysed pollen records from Prášilské jezero and Rachelsee were compared to 10 regional peat bogs/mires and two other regional lakes to reconstruct total land-cover abundance at both the regional- and local-scales. The results demonstrate that spruce has been the dominate canopy cover across the region for the past 9000 years at both high- ({\\textgreater}900 m) and mid-elevations ({\\textgreater}700-900 m) elevations. At the regional-scale, inferred from lake records, spruce has comprised an average of {\\textasciitilde}50\\% of the total forest canopy; whereas at the more local-scale at mid-elevations, spruce formed {\\textasciitilde}59\\%. Beech established {\\textasciitilde}6000 cal yr BP while fir established {\\textasciitilde}5500 cal yr BP, and reached a maximum land-cover abundance of 24\\% and 13\\% roughly 1000 years ago at mid-elevations. Over the past 500 years spruce has comprised {\\textasciitilde}47\\% land-cover, while beech and fir comprised {\\textasciitilde}8\\% and {\\textless}5\\% at mid-elevations. This approach argues for the ‘natural’ development of spruce and fir locally in zones where the paleoecology indicates the persistence of these species for millennia. Contrasting local and regional reconstructions of forest canopy cover points to a patchwork mosaic with local variability in the dominant taxa. Incorporation of paleoecological data in dialogues about biodiversity and ecosystem management is an approach that has wider utility.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {Article 2268},\n\turldate = {2017-12-28},\n\tjournal = {Frontiers in Plant Science},\n\tauthor = {Carter, Vachel A. and Chiverrell, Richard C. and Clear, Jennifer L. and Kuosmanen, Niina and Moravcová, Alice and Svoboda, Miroslav and Svobodová-Svitavská, Helena and Leeuwen, Van and Van Leeuwen, Jacqueline and van der Knaap, Willem O. and Kuneš, Petr},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tnote = {[IF2017=3.678]},\n\tkeywords = {Abies alba, Fagus sylvatica, Holocene, Picea abies, Pollen, Reveals, disturbance, landcover, palynology, reconstruction},\n\tpages = {1--14},\n}\n\n

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\n In 1927, the first pollen diagram was published from the Bohemian/Bavarian Forest region of Central Europe, providing one of the first qualitative views of the long-term vegetation development in the region. Since then significant methodological advances in quantitative approaches such as pollen influx and pollen-based vegetation models (e.g., Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm, LRA) have contributed to enhance our understanding of temporal and spatial ecology. These types of quantitative reconstructions are fundamental for conservation and restoration ecology because they provide long-term perspectives on ecosystem functioning. In the Bohemian/Bavarian Forests, forest managers have a goal to restore the original forest composition at mid-elevation forests, yet they rely on natural potential vegetation maps that do not take into account long-term vegetation dynamics. Here we reconstruct the Holocene history of forest composition and discuss the implications the LRA has for regional forest management and conservation. Two newly analysed pollen records from Prášilské jezero and Rachelsee were compared to 10 regional peat bogs/mires and two other regional lakes to reconstruct total land-cover abundance at both the regional- and local-scales. The results demonstrate that spruce has been the dominate canopy cover across the region for the past 9000 years at both high- (\\textgreater900 m) and mid-elevations (\\textgreater700-900 m) elevations. At the regional-scale, inferred from lake records, spruce has comprised an average of ~50% of the total forest canopy; whereas at the more local-scale at mid-elevations, spruce formed ~59%. Beech established ~6000 cal yr BP while fir established ~5500 cal yr BP, and reached a maximum land-cover abundance of 24% and 13% roughly 1000 years ago at mid-elevations. Over the past 500 years spruce has comprised ~47% land-cover, while beech and fir comprised ~8% and \\textless5% at mid-elevations. This approach argues for the ‘natural’ development of spruce and fir locally in zones where the paleoecology indicates the persistence of these species for millennia. Contrasting local and regional reconstructions of forest canopy cover points to a patchwork mosaic with local variability in the dominant taxa. Incorporation of paleoecological data in dialogues about biodiversity and ecosystem management is an approach that has wider utility.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Millennial to centennial vegetation change.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Giesecke, T.; Kuneš, P.; and Reitalu, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Vegetation Science, 29(3): 357–359. 2018.\n [IF2017=2.658]\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{giesecke_millennial_2018,\n\ttitle = {Millennial to centennial vegetation change},\n\tvolume = {29},\n\tcopyright = {© 2018 International Association for Vegetation Science},\n\tissn = {1654–1103},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/jvs.12650},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2018-07-16},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Vegetation Science},\n\tauthor = {Giesecke, Thomas and Kuneš, Petr and Reitalu, Triin},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tnote = {[IF2017=2.658]},\n\tkeywords = {reconstruction},\n\tpages = {357--359},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Human-induced changes in fire regime and subsequent alteration of the sandstone landscape of Northern Bohemia (Czech Republic).\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bobek, P.; Svitavská Svobodová, H.; Werchan, B.; Švarcová, M. G.; and Kuneš, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Holocene, 28(3): 427–443. March 2018.\n [IF2017=2.419]\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{bobek_human-induced_2018,\n\ttitle = {Human-induced changes in fire regime and subsequent alteration of the sandstone landscape of {Northern} {Bohemia} ({Czech} {Republic})},\n\tvolume = {28},\n\tissn = {0959-6836},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0959683617729443},\n\tabstract = {Multiproxy palaeoecological evidence from a sandstone region in northern Czech Republic was collected to explore the impact of fire disturbances on the decline of the broadleaved forests during the Late Bronze Age (3250–3050 cal. BP). It has been hypothesized that human-accelerated soil leaching affected the nutrient availability in the sandstone area, thus promoting the expansion of oligotrophic-adapted plant communities in the late-Holocene. Little is known about the mechanisms which induced such large-scale vegetation transformation. We sought to determine which driving forces were involved using independent proxy records – soil and sedimentary charcoal, pollen and fungal spores. Local fire history was derived from the variation in charcoal accumulation rates (CHAR) preserved in Eustach peatbog. The fire frequency (FF) estimation over the past {\\textasciitilde}7500 years revealed distinct phases of increased burning between 3100 and 2120 cal. BP (3.0 fires 1000 yr−1) and 1400–600 cal. BP (4.3 fires 1000 yr−1). Rapid compositional changes in the pollen assemblage were documented during the Late Bronze Age period, suggesting vegetation responded to increased fire disturbances. The human influence on the fire regime is implied by the short-term increase in cereal pollen concurrent with a major fire event, indicating possible use of slash-and-burn cultivation by Late Bronze societies. This type of human subsistence strategy practised in the sandstone landscape further evolved to pastoralism as suggested by continuous presence of coprophilous fungi Sporormiella and Sordaria, which occurred since the Hallstatt/La Tène period (2750–1950 cal. BP). Our study documents, for the first time, the intentional, human-caused biomass burning from densely forested areas of Northern Bohemian sandstone region. Our results imply that increased rate of fire disturbances contributed to the Late Bronze Age transformation of broadleaved forests to oligotrophic forest communities of late-Holocene.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2018-03-31},\n\tjournal = {The Holocene},\n\tauthor = {Bobek, Přemysl and Svitavská Svobodová, Helena and Werchan, Barbora and Švarcová, Markéta Gabriela and Kuneš, Petr},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tnote = {[IF2017=2.419]},\n\tkeywords = {disturbance},\n\tpages = {427--443},\n}\n\n

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\n Multiproxy palaeoecological evidence from a sandstone region in northern Czech Republic was collected to explore the impact of fire disturbances on the decline of the broadleaved forests during the Late Bronze Age (3250–3050 cal. BP). It has been hypothesized that human-accelerated soil leaching affected the nutrient availability in the sandstone area, thus promoting the expansion of oligotrophic-adapted plant communities in the late-Holocene. Little is known about the mechanisms which induced such large-scale vegetation transformation. We sought to determine which driving forces were involved using independent proxy records – soil and sedimentary charcoal, pollen and fungal spores. Local fire history was derived from the variation in charcoal accumulation rates (CHAR) preserved in Eustach peatbog. The fire frequency (FF) estimation over the past ~7500 years revealed distinct phases of increased burning between 3100 and 2120 cal. BP (3.0 fires 1000 yr−1) and 1400–600 cal. BP (4.3 fires 1000 yr−1). Rapid compositional changes in the pollen assemblage were documented during the Late Bronze Age period, suggesting vegetation responded to increased fire disturbances. The human influence on the fire regime is implied by the short-term increase in cereal pollen concurrent with a major fire event, indicating possible use of slash-and-burn cultivation by Late Bronze societies. This type of human subsistence strategy practised in the sandstone landscape further evolved to pastoralism as suggested by continuous presence of coprophilous fungi Sporormiella and Sordaria, which occurred since the Hallstatt/La Tène period (2750–1950 cal. BP). Our study documents, for the first time, the intentional, human-caused biomass burning from densely forested areas of Northern Bohemian sandstone region. Our results imply that increased rate of fire disturbances contributed to the Late Bronze Age transformation of broadleaved forests to oligotrophic forest communities of late-Holocene.\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Holocene-scale fire dynamics of central European temperate spruce-beech forests.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Carter, V. A.; Moravcová, A.; Chiverrell, R. C.; Clear, J. L.; Finsinger, W.; Dreslerová, D.; Halsall, K.; and Kuneš, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Quaternary Science Reviews, 191: 15–30. July 2018.\n [IF2017=4.334]\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 2 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{carter_holocene-scale_2018,\n\ttitle = {Holocene-scale fire dynamics of central {European} temperate spruce-beech forests},\n\tvolume = {191},\n\tissn = {0277-3791},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.05.001},\n\tabstract = {This study investigated the long-term role and drivers of fire in the central European temperate spruce-beech forests from Prášilské jezero, Czech Republic. The results illustrate the complex relationship between broad-scale climate, vegetation composition, and local human activities on fire throughout the Holocene. Biomass burning was the highest (average 3 fires/1000 years) and most severe during the early Holocene when fire resistant taxa (Pinus, Corylus and Betula) dominated. Using a Generalized Additive Model to assess the response of dominant canopy taxa to changes in biomass burning and fire severity, response curves demonstrate a positive relationship (p \\&lt; 0.01) between fire resistant taxa and increases in biomass burning. Norway spruce (Picea abies) established ∼10,000 cal yr BP and expanded during peak biomass burning. Response curves show a slight negative relationship with Picea and increasing biomass burning, and a positive relationship with increasing fire severity. This suggests that central European spruce forests may not be significantly impacted by fire. Regional biomass burning dramatically decreased with the expansion of fire sensitive taxa (e.g. Fagus sylvatica) ∼6500 cal yr BP, yet no dramatic reduction in local fire frequency occurred. This suggests either human activities or rare fire-promoting climatic events were important in shaping local fire regimes. Fire activity peaked (6 fires/1000 years) ∼2500 cal yr BP and paralleled increases in anthropogenic pollen indicators. Fagus response curves illustrates a negative (p \\&lt; 0.01) relationship with increasing biomass burning and fire severity suggesting that natural Fagus forests may be increasingly vulnerable to projected increases in wildfire occurrence.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2018-05-26},\n\tjournal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},\n\tauthor = {Carter, Vachel A. and Moravcová, Alice and Chiverrell, Richard C. and Clear, Jennifer L. and Finsinger, Walter and Dreslerová, Dagmar and Halsall, Karen and Kuneš, Petr},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tnote = {[IF2017=4.334]},\n\tkeywords = {Climate, Fire, Holocene, Macrofossils, Paleoecology, Pollen, Sedimentary charcoal, disturbance},\n\tpages = {15--30},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Vegetační vývoj lokality Soos a jejího okolí pohledem kvartérní paleoekologie.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Suda, T.; and Kuneš, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Brabec, J.; and Velebil, J., editor(s), Květena SOOSu a okolí, pages 24–36. 4. základní organizace ČSOP a Muzeum Cheb, p. o. Karlovarského kraje, Cheb, November 2018.\n Chapter in Czech\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@incollection{suda_vegetacni_2018,\n\taddress = {Cheb},\n\ttitle = {Vegetační vývoj lokality {Soos} a jejího okolí pohledem kvartérní paleoekologie},\n\tisbn = {978-80-85018-95-0},\n\tlanguage = {Czech},\n\tbooktitle = {Květena {SOOSu} a okolí},\n\tpublisher = {4. základní organizace ČSOP a Muzeum Cheb, p. o. Karlovarského kraje},\n\tauthor = {Suda, Tomáš and Kuneš, Petr},\n\teditor = {Brabec, Jiří and Velebil, Jiří},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tnote = {Chapter in Czech},\n\tpages = {24--36},\n}\n\n

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\n \n 2017\n \n \n (5)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Using historical ecology to reassess the conservation status of coniferous forests in Central Europe.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Szabó, P.; Kuneš, P.; Svobodová‐Svitavská, H.; Švarcová, M. G.; Křížová, L.; Suchánková, S.; Müllerová, J.; and Hédl, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Conservation Biology, 31(1): 150–160. February 2017.\n [IF2016=4.842]\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 3 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{szabo_using_2017,\n\ttitle = {Using historical ecology to reassess the conservation status of coniferous forests in {Central} {Europe}},\n\tvolume = {31},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {1523-1739},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/cobi.12763},\n\tabstract = {Forests cover approximately one-third of Central Europe. Oak (Quercus) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica) are considered the natural dominants at low and middle elevations, respectively. Many coniferous forests (especially of Picea abies) occur primarily at midelevations, but these are thought to have resulted from forestry plantations planted over the past 200 years. Nature conservation and forestry policy seek to promote broadleaved trees over conifers. However, there are discrepancies between conservation guidelines (included in Natura 2000) and historical and palaeoecological data with regard to the distribution of conifers. Our aim was to bring new evidence to the debate on the conservation of conifers versus broadleaved trees at midelevations in Central Europe. We created a vegetation and land-cover model based on pollen data for a highland area of 11,300 km2 in the Czech Republic and assessed tree species composition in the forests before the onset of modern forestry based on 18th-century archival sources. Conifers dominated the study region throughout the entire Holocene (approximately 40–60\\% of the area). Broadleaved trees were present in a much smaller area than envisaged by current ideas of natural vegetation. Rather than casting doubt on the principles of Central European nature conservation in general, our results highlight the necessity of detailed regional investigations and the importance of historical data in challenging established notions on the natural distribution of tree species.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2017-01-26},\n\tjournal = {Conservation Biology},\n\tauthor = {Szabó, Péter and Kuneš, Petr and Svobodová‐Svitavská, Helena and Švarcová, Markéta Gabriela and Křížová, Lucie and Suchánková, Silvie and Müllerová, Jana and Hédl, Radim},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tnote = {[IF2016=4.842]},\n\tkeywords = {Czech Republic, Historical ecology, Holocene, LRA, REVEALS, conservation, interdisciplinarity, potential natural vegetation, reconstruction},\n\tpages = {150--160},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n History of Czech vegetation since the Late Pleistocene.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kuneš, P.; and Abraham, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Chytrý, M.; Danihelka, J.; Kaplan, Z.; and Pyšek, P., editor(s), Flora and Vegetation of the Czech Republic, of Plant and Vegetation, pages 193–227. Springer, Cham, 1 edition, 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"History$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@incollection{kunes_history_2017,\n\taddress = {Cham},\n\tedition = {1},\n\tseries = {Plant and {Vegetation}},\n\ttitle = {History of {Czech} vegetation since the {Late} {Pleistocene}},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tisbn = {978-3-319-63180-6},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-63181-3_6},\n\tabstract = {A long-term perspective is a crucial dimension for understanding the present-day composition and structure of the Czech flora and vegetation. We outline processes that were important for the development of the present-day diversity of flora and vegetation including extinctions of taxa and ecological mechanisms operating within glacial-interglacial cycles. Further, we present the history of vegetation during the key stages in the glacial and postglacial periods. First, we outline the pattern in the vegetation during the last glacial, including a discussion of the existence of refugia for trees. We further describe the changes in vegetation during the Late Glacial, which were mostly the results of abrupt climatic events. We also present a new synthesis of the Holocene regional development in vegetation based on a Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm, which results in different regional vegetation trajectories and three main phases in the development of vegetation. Finally, we give some examples of the histories of local vegetation at several sites mainly based on plant macrofossils.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {14},\n\tbooktitle = {Flora and {Vegetation} of the {Czech} {Republic}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer},\n\tauthor = {Kuneš, Petr and Abraham, Vojtěch},\n\teditor = {Chytrý, Milan and Danihelka, Jiří and Kaplan, Zdeněk and Pyšek, Petr},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Czech Republic, Holocene, Late Glacial, Plant macroremains, glacial, interglacial, pollen analysis, reconstruction, vegetation history},\n\tpages = {193--227},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n How old is the Tasmanian cultural landscape? A test of landscape openness using quantitative land-cover reconstructions.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mariani, M.; Connor, S. E.; Fletcher, M.; Theuerkauf, M.; Kuneš, P.; Jacobsen, G.; Saunders, K. M.; and Zawadzki, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Biogeography, 44(10): 2410–2420. 2017.\n [IF2016=4.248]\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{mariani_how_2017,\n\ttitle = {How old is the {Tasmanian} cultural landscape? {A} test of landscape openness using quantitative land-cover reconstructions},\n\tvolume = {44},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {1365–2699},\n\tshorttitle = {How old is the {Tasmanian} cultural landscape?},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/jbi.13040},\n\tabstract = {Aim: To test competing hypotheses about the timing and extent of Holocene landscape opening using pollen-based quantitative land-cover estimates.\nLocation: Dove Lake, Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area, Australia.\nMethods: Fossil pollen data were incorporated into pollen dispersal models and corrected for differences in pollen productivity among key plant taxa. Mechanistic models (REVEALS—Regional Estimates of VEgetation Abundance from Large Sites) employing different models for pollen dispersal (Gaussian plume and Lagrangian stochastic models) were evaluated and applied in the Southern Hemisphere for the first time.\nResults: Validation of the REVEALS model with vegetation cover data suggests an overall better performance of the Lagrangian stochastic model. Regional land-cover estimates for forest and non-forest plant taxa show persistent landscape openness throughout the Holocene (average landscape openness {\\textasciitilde}50\\%). Gymnoschoenus sphaerocephalus, an indicator of moorland vegetation, shows higher values during the early Holocene (11.7–9 ka) and declines slightly through the mid-Holocene (9–4.5 ka) during a phase of partial landscape afforestation. Rain forest cover reduced (from {\\textasciitilde}40\\% to {\\textasciitilde}20\\%) during the period between 4.2–3.5 ka.\nMain conclusions: Pollen percentages severely under-represent landscape openness in western Tasmania and this bias has fostered an over-estimation of Holocene forest cover from pollen data. Treeless vegetation dominated Holocene landscapes of the Dove Lake area, allowing us to reject models of landscape evolution that invoke late-Holocene replacement of a rain forest-dominated landscape by moorland. Instead, we confirm a model of Late Pleistocene inheritance of open vegetation. Rapid forest decline occurred after c. 4 ka, likely in response to regional moisture decline.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {10},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Biogeography},\n\tauthor = {Mariani, Michela and Connor, Simon E. and Fletcher, Michael-S. and Theuerkauf, Martin and Kuneš, Petr and Jacobsen, Geraldine and Saunders, Krystyna M. and Zawadzki, Atun},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tnote = {[IF2016=4.248]},\n\tkeywords = {Australia, Holocene, REVEALS, Tasmania, cultural landscape, dispersal models, fire, landcover reconstruction, moorland, rain forest, reconstruction},\n\tpages = {2410--2420},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Testování modelu rozšíření Ledum palustre L. pomocí paleoekologických dat.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Radoměřský, T.; Kuneš, P.; and Bobek, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Zprávy o geologických výzkumech, 50: 65–71. 2017.\n In Czech\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{radomersky_testovani_2017,\n\ttitle = {Testování modelu rozšíření {Ledum} palustre {L}. pomocí paleoekologických dat},\n\tvolume = {50},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tdoi = {10.3140/zpravy.geol.2017.21},\n\tlanguage = {Czech},\n\tjournal = {Zprávy o geologických výzkumech},\n\tauthor = {Radoměřský, Tomáš and Kuneš, Petr and Bobek, Přemysl},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tnote = {In Czech},\n\tkeywords = {Czech Republic, Maxent model, pollen analysis},\n\tpages = {65--71},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Pollen-based reconstructions of past land-cover change in Latin America.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Fontana, S. L; Giesecke, T.; Kuneš, P.; and Gaillard, M. J\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Past Global Changes Magazine, 25(2): 122. 2017.\n Magazine article\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{fontana_pollen-based_2017,\n\ttitle = {Pollen-based reconstructions of past land-cover change in {Latin} {America}},\n\tvolume = {25},\n\tdoi = {10.22498/pages.25.2.122},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Past Global Changes Magazine},\n\tauthor = {Fontana, Sonia L and Giesecke, Thomas and Kuneš, Petr and Gaillard, M. J},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tnote = {Magazine article},\n\tpages = {122},\n}\n\n

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\n \n 2016\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A pollen-based quantitative reconstruction of the Holocene vegetation updates a perspective on the natural vegetation in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Abraham, V.; Kuneš, P.; Petr, L.; Svitavská-Svobodová, H.; Kozáková, R.; Jamrichová, E.; Švarcová, M. G.; and Pokorný, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Preslia, 88(4): 409–434. 2016.\n [IF2015=2.711]\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"A$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{abraham_pollen-based_2016,\n\ttitle = {A pollen-based quantitative reconstruction of the {Holocene} vegetation updates a perspective on the natural vegetation in the {Czech} {Republic} and {Slovakia}},\n\tvolume = {88},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\turl = {http://www.preslia.cz/P164Abraham.pdf},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Preslia},\n\tauthor = {Abraham, Vojtěch and Kuneš, Petr and Petr, Libor and Svitavská-Svobodová, Helena and Kozáková, Radka and Jamrichová, Eva and Švarcová, Markéta Gabriela and Pokorný, Petr},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tnote = {[IF2015=2.711]},\n\tkeywords = {Czech Republic, Database, Holocene, LRA, REVEALS, Slovakia, conservation, pollen data, potential natural vegetation, reconstruction},\n\tpages = {409--434},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Testing quantitative pollen dispersal models in animal-pollinated vegetation mosaics: An example from temperate Tasmania, Australia.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mariani, M.; Connor, S. E.; Theuerkauf, M.; Kuneš, P.; and Fletcher, M. -.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Quaternary Science Reviews, 154: 214–225. December 2016.\n [IF2015=4.521]\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"Testing$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{mariani_testing_2016,\n\ttitle = {Testing quantitative pollen dispersal models in animal-pollinated vegetation mosaics: {An} example from temperate {Tasmania}, {Australia}},\n\tvolume = {154},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {0277-3791},\n\tshorttitle = {Testing quantitative pollen dispersal models in animal-pollinated vegetation mosaics},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379116304851},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.10.020},\n\tabstract = {Reconstructing past vegetation abundance and land-cover changes through time has important implications in land management and climate modelling. To date palaeovegetation reconstructions in Australia have been limited to qualitative or semi-quantitative inferences from pollen data. Testing pollen dispersal models constitutes a crucial step in developing quantitative past vegetation and land cover reconstructions. Thus far, the application of quantitative pollen dispersal models has been restricted to regions dominated by wind-pollinated plants (e.g. Europe) and their performance in a landscape dominated by animal-pollinated plant taxa is still unexplored. Here we test, for the first time in Australia, two well-known pollen dispersal models to assess their performance in the wind- and animal-pollinated vegetation mosaics of western Tasmania. We focus on a mix of wind- (6 taxa) and animal- (7 taxa) pollinated species that comprise the most common pollen types and key representatives of the dominant vegetation formations. Pollen Productivity Estimates and Relevant Source Area of Pollen obtained using Lagrangian Stochastic turbulent simulations appear to be more realistic when compared to the results from the widely used Gaussian Plume Model.},\n\turldate = {2016-11-18},\n\tjournal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},\n\tauthor = {Mariani, M. and Connor, S. E. and Theuerkauf, M. and Kuneš, P. and Fletcher, M. -S.},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tnote = {[IF2015=4.521]},\n\tkeywords = {Australia, Pollen dispersal, Pollen production estimate (PPE), Tasmania, reconstruction},\n\tpages = {214--225},\n}\n\n

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\n \n 2015\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The origin of grasslands in the temperate forest zone of east-central Europe: long-term legacy of climate and human impact.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kuneš, P.; Svobodová-Svitavská, H.; Kolář, J.; Hajnalová, M.; Abraham, V.; Macek, M.; Tkáč, P.; and Szabó, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Quaternary Science Reviews, 116: 15–27. May 2015.\n [IF2014=4.572]\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 2 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{kunes_origin_2015,\n\ttitle = {The origin of grasslands in the temperate forest zone of east-central {Europe}: long-term legacy of climate and human impact},\n\tvolume = {116},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {0277-3791},\n\tshorttitle = {The origin of grasslands in the temperate forest zone of east-central {Europe}},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.03.014},\n\tabstract = {The post-glacial fate of central European grasslands has stimulated palaeoecological debates for a century. Some argued for the continuous survival of open land, while others claimed that closed forest had developed during the Middle Holocene. The reasons behind stability or changes in the proportion of open land are also unclear. We aim to reconstruct regional vegetation openness and test the effects of climate and human impact on vegetation change throughout the Holocene. We present a newly dated pollen record from north-western fringes of the Pannonian Plain, east-central Europe, and reconstruct Holocene regional vegetation development by the REVEALS model for 27 pollen-equivalent taxa. Estimated vegetation is correlated in the same area with a human activity model based on all available archaeological information and a macrophysical climate model. The palaeovegetation record indicates the continuous presence of open land throughout the Holocene. Grasslands and open woodlands were probably maintained by local arid climatic conditions during the early Holocene delaying the spread of deciduous (oak) forests. Significantly detectable human-made landscape transformation started only after 2000 BC. Our analyses suggest that Neolithic people spread into a landscape that was already open. Humans probably contributed to the spread of oak, and influenced the dynamics of hazel and hornbeam.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\turldate = {2015-04-09},\n\tjournal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},\n\tauthor = {Kuneš, Petr and Svobodová-Svitavská, Helena and Kolář, Jan and Hajnalová, Mária and Abraham, Vojtěch and Macek, Martin and Tkáč, Peter and Szabó, Péter},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tnote = {[IF2014=4.572]},\n\tkeywords = {Carpathian Basin, Czech Republic, Holocene, LRA, MCM model, REVEALS, conservation, pollen analysis, quantitative vegetation reconstruction},\n\tpages = {15--27},\n}\n\n

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\n \n 2014\n \n \n (3)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Early occurrence of temperate oak-dominated forest in the northern part of the Little Hungarian Plain, SW Slovakia.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Jamrichová, E.; Potůčková, A.; Horsák, M.; Hajnalová, M.; Barta, P.; Tóth, P.; and Kuneš, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Holocene, 24(12): 1810–1824. December 2014.\n [IF2013=3.794]\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{jamrichova_early_2014,\n\ttitle = {Early occurrence of temperate oak-dominated forest in the northern part of the {Little} {Hungarian} {Plain}, {SW} {Slovakia}},\n\tvolume = {24},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {0959-6836, 1477-0911},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0959683614551225},\n\tabstract = {Using a multi-proxy analysis of a postglacial sedimentary sequence from a lowland wetland, we address the possible drivers of change in the wetland habitats and surrounding landscapes of southwestern Slovakia. A 5 m-deep core in the Parížske močiare marshes was investigated for pollen, plant macro-remains, molluscs, organic content and magnetic susceptibility. The palaeoecological record extends from the Pleistocene–Holocene transition (≥11,200 cal. BP) to the 5th millennium cal. BP and was correlated with a macrophysical climate model (MCM) and archaeological data. Our results show the transformation of an open parkland landscape with patches of coniferous forest to a temperate deciduous forest at the onset of the Holocene. The record is remarkable for an early occurrence of Quercus pollen and macro-remains around 11,200 cal. BP and its early expansion (10,390 cal. BP) in the vegetation. Such an early spread of Quercus has not previously been recorded in the region, where Corylus is usually the first to expand among temperate trees. This unusual development of forest communities was most probably triggered by a short-lived increase in precipitation and decrease in temperature, as reconstructed by the MCM model. Higher moisture availability and low temperature inhibited Corylus and favoured the spread of Quercus. Later, the climate became drier and warmer, which, together with fires, supported the expansion of Corylus. Since 7300 cal. BP, human activities became most likely the dominant influence on the landscape. Deforestation contributed to soil erosion, which halted the accumulation of organic material after 5520 cal. BP, followed by the accumulation of clay sediments.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {12},\n\turldate = {2014-12-10},\n\tjournal = {The Holocene},\n\tauthor = {Jamrichová, Eva and Potůčková, Anna and Horsák, Michal and Hajnalová, Mária and Barta, Peter and Tóth, Peter and Kuneš, Petr},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {[IF2013=3.794]},\n\tkeywords = {Lowland vegetation, MCM model, Palaeoecology, Plant macroremains, Slovakia, climate, conservation, cultural landscape, human impact, multi-proxy, pollen analysis},\n\tpages = {1810--1824},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Present-day vegetation helps quantifying past land cover in selected regions of the Czech Republic.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Abraham, V.; Oušková, V.; and Kuneš, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n PLoS ONE, 9(6): e100117. June 2014.\n [IF2013=3.534]\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{abraham_present-day_2014,\n\ttitle = {Present-day vegetation helps quantifying past land cover in selected regions of the {Czech} {Republic}},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tdoi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0100117},\n\tabstract = {The REVEALS model is a tool for recalculating pollen data into vegetation abundances on a regional scale. We explored the general effect of selected parameters by performing simulations and ascertained the best model setting for the Czech Republic using the shallowest samples from 120 fossil sites and data on actual regional vegetation (60 km radius). Vegetation proportions of 17 taxa were obtained by combining the CORINE Land Cover map with forest inventories, agricultural statistics and habitat mapping data. Our simulation shows that changing the site radius for all taxa substantially affects REVEALS estimates of taxa with heavy or light pollen grains. Decreasing the site radius has a similar effect as increasing the wind speed parameter. However, adjusting the site radius to 1 m for local taxa only (even taxa with light pollen) yields lower, more correct estimates despite their high pollen signal. Increasing the background radius does not affect the estimates significantly. Our comparison of estimates with actual vegetation in seven regions shows that the most accurate relative pollen productivity estimates (PPEs) come from Central Europe and Southern Sweden. The initial simulation and pollen data yielded unrealistic estimates for Abies under the default setting of the wind speed parameter (3 m/s). We therefore propose the setting of 4 m/s, which corresponds to the spring average in most regions of the Czech Republic studied. Ad hoc adjustment of PPEs with this setting improves the match 3–4-fold. We consider these values (apart from four exceptions) to be appropriate, because they are within the ranges of standard errors, so they are related to original PPEs. Setting a 1 m radius for local taxa (Alnus, Salix, Poaceae) significantly improves the match between estimates and actual vegetation. However, further adjustments to PPEs exceed the ranges of original values, so their relevance is uncertain.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2014-06-18},\n\tjournal = {PLoS ONE},\n\tauthor = {Abraham, Vojtěch and Oušková, Veronika and Kuneš, Petr},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {[IF2013=3.534]},\n\tkeywords = {Czech Republic, LRA, Pollen dispersal, Pollen production estimate (PPE), REVEALS, reconstruction, vegetation},\n\tpages = {e100117},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Regional climate model simulations for Europe at 6 and 0.2 k BP: sensitivity to changes in anthropogenic deforestation.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Strandberg, G.; Kjellström, E.; Poska, A.; Wagner, S.; Gaillard, M.; Trondman, A.; Mauri, A.; Davis, B. A. S.; Kaplan, J. O.; Birks, H. J. B.; Bjune, A. E.; Fyfe, R.; Giesecke, T.; Kalnina, L.; Kangur, M.; van der Knaap, W. O.; Kokfelt, U.; Kuneš, P.; Latałova, M.; Marquer, L.; Mazier, F.; Nielsen, A. B.; Smith, B.; Seppä, H.; and Sugita, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Climate of the Past, 10(2): 661–680. March 2014.\n [IF2013=3.482]\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{strandberg_regional_2014,\n\ttitle = {Regional climate model simulations for {Europe} at 6 and 0.2 k {BP}: sensitivity to changes in anthropogenic deforestation},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {1814-9332},\n\tshorttitle = {Regional climate model simulations for {Europe} at 6 and 0.2 k {BP}},\n\tdoi = {10.5194/cp-10-661-2014},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2014-03-28},\n\tjournal = {Climate of the Past},\n\tauthor = {Strandberg, G. and Kjellström, E. and Poska, A. and Wagner, S. and Gaillard, M.-J. and Trondman, A.-K. and Mauri, A. and Davis, B. A. S. and Kaplan, J. O. and Birks, H. J. B. and Bjune, A. E. and Fyfe, R. and Giesecke, T. and Kalnina, L. and Kangur, M. and van der Knaap, W. O. and Kokfelt, U. and Kuneš, P. and Latałova, M. and Marquer, L. and Mazier, F. and Nielsen, A. B. and Smith, B. and Seppä, H. and Sugita, S.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {[IF2013=3.482]},\n\tkeywords = {Europe, REVEALS, climate model, human impact, reconstruction},\n\tpages = {661--680},\n}\n\n

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\n \n 2013\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n A new Middle Pleistocene interglacial record from Denmark: Chronostratigraphic correlation, palaeovegetation and fire dynamics.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kuneš, P.; Kjærsgaard Sørensen, M.; Buylaert, J.; Murray, A. S.; Houmark-Nielsen, M.; and Odgaard, B. V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Boreas, 42(3): 596–612. 2013.\n [IF2012=2.457]\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{kunes_new_2013,\n\ttitle = {A new {Middle} {Pleistocene} interglacial record from {Denmark}: {Chronostratigraphic} correlation, palaeovegetation and fire dynamics},\n\tvolume = {42},\n\tcopyright = {© 2013 The Authors. Boreas © 2013 The Boreas Collegium},\n\tissn = {1502-3885},\n\tshorttitle = {A new {Middle} {Pleistocene} interglacial record from {Denmark}},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/bor.12002},\n\tabstract = {Previously only three terrestrial interglacial periods were known from southern Scandinavia, all of which could be relatively easily correlated within the central European stratigraphical framework. Here, we present a new interglacial–interstadial pollen, plant macrofossil and charcoal record from Trelde Klint, Denmark, and analyse its biostratigraphy, correlation with other European records, vegetation development, fire dynamics and absolute dating. Except for a slight truncation of the early part of the record, the pollen stratigraphy exhibits a full interglacial succession, including temperate trees (Quercus, Ulmus and Tilia) during its mesocratic stage. Macrofossil analysis allowed identification to species level for Quercus robur, Picea abies and two mosses. Conifers (Pinus and Picea) dominate the pollen record of the interglacial sequence, and the occurrence of Larix pollen in the top part of the interglacial record as well as in the interstadial sediments is especially indicative of this interglacial. The overall diversity of tree genera is rather low. These biostratigraphical features suggest that Trelde Klint is unique among Danish records, but it is similar to records from northern Germany. Numerical analyses (REVEALS and DCA) indicate that forests during the temperate stage were dense and that vegetation openness increased only towards the end of the interglacial, accompanied by increased fire occurrence. A short interstadial sequence with a dominance of Pinus and Betula and the presence of Larix is present above the interglacial deposit. We argue that lack of attention to differences in fire regimes may hamper understanding of between-site correlations of interglacial pollen records. OSL dating, using a novel feldspar technique, yields an average age of 350±20 ka for the sandy sediments above the interglacial layers at Trelde Klint, suggesting that the whole interglacial–interstadial succession belongs to Marine Isotope Stage 11.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2013-06-23},\n\tjournal = {Boreas},\n\tauthor = {Kuneš, Petr and Kjærsgaard Sørensen, Malene and Buylaert, Jan-Pieter and Murray, Andrew S. and Houmark-Nielsen, Michael and Odgaard, Bent Vad},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tnote = {[IF2012=2.457]},\n\tkeywords = {Denmark, OSL dating, Plant macroremains, REVEALS, charcoal, interglacial, pollen analysis},\n\tpages = {596--612},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Continuity and change in the vegetation of a Central European oakwood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Jamrichová, E.; Szabó, P.; Hédl, R.; Kuneš, P.; Bobek, P.; and Pelánková, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Holocene, 23(1): 46–56. January 2013.\n [IF2012=3.218]\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{jamrichova_continuity_2013,\n\ttitle = {Continuity and change in the vegetation of a {Central} {European} oakwood},\n\tvolume = {23},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {0959-6836, 1477-0911},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0959683612450200},\n\tabstract = {The issue of continuity in deciduous oakwood vegetation has been in the forefront of woodland ecological studies for many decades. The two basic questions that emerge from existing research are whether or not oakwoods can be characterized by long-term stability and what may be the driving forces of the observed stability or change. To answer these questions in a well-defined case study, we examined the history of a large subcontinental oakwood (Dúbrava) in the southeastern Czech Republic with interdisciplinary methods using palaeoecological and archival sources. Palaeoecology allowed us to reconstruct the vegetation composition and fire disturbances in Dúbrava in the past 2000 years, while written sources provided information about tree composition and management from the 14th century onwards. The pollen profiles show that the present oakwood was established in the mid-14th century with an abrupt change from shrubby, hazel-dominated vegetation to oak forest. This change was most probably caused by a ban on oak felling in ad 1350. From the 14th to the late 18th centuries Dúbrava had multiple uses, of which wood-pasture and hay-cutting kept the forest considerably open. The second remarkable change was dated to the late 18th century, when multiple-use management was abandoned and Dúbrava was divided into pasture-only and coppice-only parts. The last major shift occurred in the mid-19th century, when modern forestry and Scotch pine plantation became dominant. We conclude that Dúbrava Wood did not show stability in the long run and that its species composition has dramatically changed during the last two millennia. The most important driving force in the shaping and maintenance of the unique vegetation of Dúbrava was human management.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2012-12-20},\n\tjournal = {The Holocene},\n\tauthor = {Jamrichová, Eva and Szabó, Péter and Hédl, Radim and Kuneš, Petr and Bobek, Přemysl and Pelánková, Barbora},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tnote = {[IF2012=3.218]},\n\tkeywords = {Historical ecology, conservation, ecosystem stability, management history, pollen analysis, temperate oakwood},\n\tpages = {46--56},\n}\n\n

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\n \n 2011\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n New Radiocarbon Data for the North Bohemian Mesolithic.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Šída, P.; Prostředník, J.; and Kuneš, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica, 2(2): 151–157. 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n $\"New$ Paper\n \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{sida_new_2011,\n\ttitle = {New {Radiocarbon} {Data} for the {North} {Bohemian} {Mesolithic}},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\turl = {http://www.iansa.eu/papers/IANSA-2011-02-sida.pdf},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica},\n\tauthor = {Šída, P. and Prostředník, J. and Kuneš, P.},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tkeywords = {Czech Republic, Mesolithic, archeology, pre-Neolithic, radiocarbon AMS dating},\n\tpages = {151--157},\n}\n\n

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\n \n 2010\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Palaeoenvironmental research of the Schwarzenberg Lake, southern Bohemia, and exploratory excavations of this key Mesolithic archaeological area.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pokorný, P.; Šída, P.; Chvojka, O.; Žáčková, P.; Kuneš, P.; Světlík, I.; and Veselý, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Památky archeologické, 101: 5–38. 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{pokorny_palaeoenvironmental_2010,\n\ttitle = {Palaeoenvironmental research of the {Schwarzenberg} {Lake}, southern {Bohemia}, and exploratory excavations of this key {Mesolithic} archaeological area},\n\tvolume = {101},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tjournal = {Památky archeologické},\n\tauthor = {Pokorný, Petr and Šída, Petr and Chvojka, Ondřej and Žáčková, Pavla and Kuneš, Petr and Světlík, Ivo and Veselý, Josef},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tkeywords = {Czech Republic, Mesolithic, Plant macroremains, archeology, pollen analysis, pre-Neolithic},\n\tpages = {5--38},\n}\n\n

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\n \n 2009\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n M. Hesse, H. Halbritter, R. Zetter, M. Weber, R. Buchner, A. Frosch-Radivo & S. Ulrich (eds.): POLLEN TERMINOLOGY — AN ILLUSTRATED HANDBOOK.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kuneš, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Folia Geobotanica 44(4): 438–39, 2009.\n Review\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@techreport{kunes_m._2009,\n\taddress = {Folia Geobotanica 44(4): 438–39},\n\ttype = {Review},\n\ttitle = {M. {Hesse}, {H}. {Halbritter}, {R}. {Zetter}, {M}. {Weber}, {R}. {Buchner}, {A}. {Frosch}-{Radivo} \\& {S}. {Ulrich} (eds.): {POLLEN} {TERMINOLOGY} — {AN} {ILLUSTRATED} {HANDBOOK}},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tauthor = {Kuneš, Petr},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tnote = {Review},\n}\n\n

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\n \n 2007\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Post-glacial vegetation development in sandstone areas of the Czech Republic.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kuneš, P.; Pokorný, P.; and Jankovská, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Härtel, H.; Cílek, V.; Herben, T.; Jackson, A.; and Williams, R., editor(s), Sandstone Landscapes, pages 244–257. Academia, Praha, 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@incollection{kunes_post-glacial_2007,\n\taddress = {Praha},\n\ttitle = {Post-glacial vegetation development in sandstone areas of the {Czech} {Republic}},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tisbn = {978-80-200-1577-8},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tbooktitle = {Sandstone {Landscapes}},\n\tpublisher = {Academia},\n\tauthor = {Kuneš, Petr and Pokorný, Petr and Jankovská, Vlasta},\n\teditor = {Härtel, Handrij and Cílek, Václav and Herben, Tomáš and Jackson, Andrew and Williams, Rendel},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tkeywords = {Czech Republic, Holocene, Late Glacial, human impact, pollen analysis, sandstone, vegetation history},\n\tpages = {244--257},\n}\n\n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Dřevěné artefakty raně holocenního stáří z litorálu zaniklého jezera Švarcenberk [Early Holocene wooden artifacts from the Lake Švarcenberk].\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Šída, P.; Pokorný, P.; and Kuneš, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Přehled výzkumů, 48: 55–64. 2007.\n In Czech\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{sida_drevene_2007,\n\ttitle = {Dřevěné artefakty raně holocenního stáří z litorálu zaniklého jezera Švarcenberk [{Early} {Holocene} wooden artifacts from the {Lake} Švarcenberk]},\n\tvolume = {48},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tlanguage = {Czech},\n\tjournal = {Přehled výzkumů},\n\tauthor = {Šída, Petr and Pokorný, Petr and Kuneš, Petr},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tnote = {In Czech},\n\tkeywords = {Holocene, Mesolithic, archeology, pre-Neolithic},\n\tpages = {55--64},\n}\n

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\n \n 2006\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Insight into the environment of a pre-Roman Iron Age hillfort at Vladař, Czech Republic, using a multi-proxy approach.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pokorný, P.; Boenke, N.; Chytráček, M.; Nováková, K.; Sádlo, J.; Veselý, J.; Kuneš, P.; and Jankovská, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 15(4): 419–433. July 2006.\n [IF2005=0.739]\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n

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@article{pokorny_insight_2006,\n\ttitle = {Insight into the environment of a pre-{Roman} {Iron} {Age} hillfort at {Vladař}, {Czech} {Republic}, using a multi-proxy approach},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {0939-6314, 1617-6278},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00334-006-0064-8},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2012-01-05},\n\tjournal = {Vegetation History and Archaeobotany},\n\tauthor = {Pokorný, Petr and Boenke, Nicole and Chytráček, Miloslav and Nováková, Kateřina and Sádlo, Jiří and Veselý, Josef and Kuneš, Petr and Jankovská, Vlasta},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tnote = {[IF2005=0.739]},\n\tkeywords = {Czech Republic, Plant macroremains, archeology, cladocera, human impact, pollen analysis},\n\tpages = {419--433},\n}\n\n

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\n \n 2003\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n

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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Yoshida, Toshio: Portraits of Himalayan flowers; with a foreword by Daniel J. Hinkley.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kuneš, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Preslia, 75(1). 2003.\n Review\n\n\n\n
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@article{kunes_yoshida_2003,\n\ttitle = {Yoshida, {Toshio}: {Portraits} of {Himalayan} flowers; with a foreword by {Daniel} {J}. {Hinkley}},\n\tvolume = {75},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tlanguage = {Czech},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Preslia},\n\tauthor = {Kuneš, Petr},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tnote = {Review},\n}\n\n

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